Marsha Hunt (actress, born 1917)

Marsha Hunt
Publicity photo of Hunt taken in 1959
Born Marcia Virginia Hunt
(1917-10-17) October 17, 1917
Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
Residence Sherman Oaks, California, U.S.
Alma mater Horace Mann School
Occupation Actress, model, activist
Years active 1935–2008
Home town New York City, U.S.
Spouse(s) Jerry Hopper (m. 1938–1945, divorced)
Robert Presnell Jr. (m. 1946–1986, his death)
Children 1 (deceased)

Marsha Hunt (born Marcia Virginia Hunt; October 17, 1917) is a retired American actress, model, and activist. She was blacklisted by Hollywood film studio executives in the 1950s during the McCarthyism.

During her career spanning 73 years, she appeared in many popular films including: Born to the West (1937), Pride and Prejudice (1940), Kid Glove Killer (1942), Cry 'Havoc' (1943), Raw Deal (1948), The Happy Time (1952), and Johnny Got His Gun (1971).

In the midst of the blacklist era, Hunt became active in the humanitarian cause of world hunger, and in later years progressive causes, such as supporting same-sex marriage, ending global poverty, raising awareness of climate change, and promoting peace in Third World countries.[1]

Early life

Marcia Virginia Hunt was born on October 17, 1917, in Chicago,[2] as the younger of two girls. Her parents were Earl Hunt, who worked as a lawyer and later a Social Security Administrator, and Minabel Hunt, a vocal teacher and organist.[3] Her elder sister, Marjorie, a teacher, died in 2002.[2] She later changed the spelling of her first name to Marsha.[4]

She and her family were active in the Methodist church.[4] Hunt recalled many years later:

I lucked into the most fortuitous, warm, constructive kind of family context imaginable. My father was a top scholar, a Phi Beta Kappa. My mother was a voice coach and accompanist of singers in the concert and opera fields. We didn't have the term "liberated woman", but my mother certainly was... They were brought up, both, in the state of Indiana, which is now called the Bible Belt. They were wholesome, they neither smoked nor drank, and they never used the Lord's name in vain. I never heard a four-letter word. It didn't exist in my wholesome family setting.[4]

Hunt's family moved to New York City when she was young, and she began performing in school plays and church functions. She graduated from the Horace Mann High School for Girls in 1934 at age 16.[4] After graduation, Hunt's parents wanted her to pursue a college degree, but Hunt, unable to "locate a single college or university in the land where you could major in drama before your third year", found work modeling for the John Powers Agency and began taking stage acting classes at the Theodora Irvine Studio.[2][5] She was one of the highest-earning models by 1935.[6] In May 1935, she planned on studying stage acting at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in the United Kingdom.[7]

Career

Celebrities including Hunt, Robert Taylor, Jean Harlow and Mitzi Green were invited to Washington, D.C., to assist with President's Birthday Ball fundraising activities (1937)
With John Wayne in Born to the West (1937)
Hunt in the Pride and Prejudice trailer (1940)
In the trailer for Cry 'Havoc' (1943)

Years at Paramount

Although initially reluctant to pursue a film career, in June 1935, at age 17, Hunt signed a seven-year contract with Paramount Pictures.[8][9] Paramount discovered her when she was visiting her uncle in Los Angeles and the comedian Zeppo Marx saw a picture of her in the newspaper.[10] She was then offered a screen test for The Virginia Judge.[11] At Paramount, Hunt mainly played ingenue parts.[4] Between 1935 and 1938, she made 12 pictures at Paramount and two on "loan-out" to RKO and 20th Century Fox.[4] In 1937, she starred opposite John Wayne, a couple of years prior to his breakthrough in Hollywood, in the Western film Born to the West.[12]

The studio terminated Hunt's contract in 1938, and she spent a few years starring in B-films produced by poverty row studios such as Republic Pictures and Monogram Pictures.[4] She also headed to New York City for work in summer stock theatre shortly before winning a supporting role in MGM's These Glamour Girls (1939) opposite Lana Turner and Lew Ayres.[13] The role of Betty was said to have been written specially with Hunt in mind.[14] Other roles in major studio productions soon followed, including supporting roles as Mary Bennet in MGM's version of Pride and Prejudice (1940) and as Martha Scott's surrogate child Hope Thompson in Cheers for Miss Bishop (1941).[4]

Years at MGM

In 1941, Hunt signed a contract with MGM, where she remained for the next six years.[4] While filming Blossoms in the Dust, film director Mervyn LeRoy lauded Hunt for her heartfelt and genuine acting ability.[15] During this period she had starring roles in 21 films, including The Penalty (1941) opposite Lionel Barrymore, Panama Hattie (1942) opposite Ann Sothern and Red Skelton, the war drama Pilot No. 5 (1943) in which she was cast as the love interest of Franchot Tone, and The Valley of Decision (1945). In 1944 she polled seventh in a list by exhibitors of "Stars of Tomorrow".[16] She previously did a screen test to play Melanie Hamilton in Gone with the Wind (1939) and almost got the part before Olivia de Havilland took it over.[17] In 1944, she appeared in None Shall Escape, a film that is now regarded as the first about the Holocaust. She played Marja Pacierkowski, the Polish fiancé of a German Nazi officer named Wilhelm Grimm.[18]

Hollywood blacklist

Disturbed by the actions of the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC), Hunt and her husband, screenwriter Robert Presnell Jr., became members of the Committee for the First Amendment in 1947.[19][20]

On October 26 that same year, aged 30, Hunt took part in Hollywood Fights Back, a star-studded radio program co-written by her husband protesting the activities of HUAC.[21][22][23] The next day, Hunt flew with a group of about 30 actors, directors, writers, and filmmakers (including John Huston, Humphrey Bogart, Lauren Bacall and Danny Kaye) to Washington to protest the actions of HUAC.[19][20]

When she returned to Hollywood just three days later, things had changed. She was asked to denounce her activities if she wanted to find more work; she refused.[2] In 1950, Hunt was named as a potential Communist or Communist sympathizer (along with 151 other actors, writers and directors) in the anti-Communist publication Red Channels.[4][22]

The publication claimed that her leanings were made evident by her supposedly subversive actions, including asking the Supeme Court to review the convictions of John Howard Lawson and Dalton Trumbo, recording a message in support of a rally organized by the Stop Censorship Committee in 1948, signing a statement in 1946 issued by the Hollywood Independent Citizens Committee of the Arts, Sciences, and Professions, and speaking at a rally organized by the Progressive Citizens of America in 1946.[24][4]

After the publication of Red Channels in 1950, work became scarce for Hunt and Presnell.[22]

After being blacklisted, Hunt appeared in only a handful of films during the next eight years.[22]

Agencies and producers agreed to deem all one hundred and fifty "unemployable". That actually began the blacklist practice, ending all our careers and livelihoods in broadcasting. I don't know that the movie studios would have blacklisted me if Red Channels hadn't named me and made them think I might be a Communist. So to play safe, they put me on their secret blacklist... I think by 1950 it was clear that the whole of show business was under political siege. But, miraculously, the Broadway stage was spared. People were not denied work on the Broadway stage. Movies, radio and television were overcome, but the theatre was not. When I was unable to work in any of the blacklist media, I could always do a play in stock, around the country.[25]

During an interview in 1995, Hunt stated that she believed producer Richard J. Collins was among those responsible for her inclusion in the blacklist.[26]

I never met Richard Collins, but when he was in some executive post on Bonanza, a friend of mine knew him slightly. At one point, when I was recommended for a script, she was astonished to hear him say, "Don't bother bringing up Marsha Hunt to me. As long as I am connected with this show, she will never work on it."[26]

In 1957, her career began to pick up. She appeared in six films during the next three years before announcing her semi-retirement in 1960.[4]

Later work

Following her semi-retirement in 1960, Hunt appeared in small roles in five films and numerous television shows, including an episode of the ABC medical drama Breaking Point.[1] In 1962, she appeared in the season-nine episode of Gunsmoke titled "The Glory and the Mud".[1] In 1967, she had a leading role as Katie's Aunt Cecile in an episode of My Three Sons entitled "The Aunt Who Came To Dinner."

A photo of Marsha Hunt in 2013
Hunt at age 96 in 2013

In 1971, she appeared in the film Johnny Got His Gun, written by fellow blacklist member Dalton Trumbo, playing the mother of the title character, portrayed by Timothy Bottoms.[27] It won the Grand Prix at the 1971 Cannes Film Festival. On February 8, 1988, she appeared in Star Trek: The Next Generation in the episode "Too Short a Season" as Anne Jameson, wife of an admiral who took an age-reversing drug.[28] In 1997, she appeared as Ethel Thayer in the Santa Susana Repertory Company's production of On Golden Pond.[27]

In 1993, her book The Way We Wore: Styles of the 1930s and '40s and Our World Since Then was published by Fallbrook Publishing.[29]

She produced the CD Tony London: Songs From the Heart with the Page Cavanaugh Trio that includes two of the 50 songs Hunt has composed.[30]

Hunt played Elizabeth Lyons in Chloe's Prayer, a 2006 film.[31] In 2008, Hunt appeared in a short film noir, The Grand Inquisitor, as Hazel Reedy, the could-be widow of one of America's most infamous unapprehended serial killers.[1] The film premiered at the 6th annual Noir City Film Festival in San Francisco.[31]

In 2013, Hunt debuted a clip of a song she wrote 40 years earlier titled "Here's to All Who Love" about love and same-sex marriage.[28] Sung by Glee star Bill A. Jones the clip immediately went viral.[28] It was featured in Marsha Hunt's Sweet Adversity, a documentary about her life.[32] The documentary debuted at the Palm Springs and Santa Barbara International Film Festivals in January 2015.[1]

In April 2017, aged 99, Hunt made a public appearance at the 2017 Los Angeles Jewish Film Festival to honor the achievements of actor and activist Ed Asner.[33]

Humanitarian work

In 1955, after a trip opened her eyes to the issue of hunger in the Third World, Hunt gave speeches throughout the United States, encouraging Americans to join the fight against starvation in the Third World by joining the United Nations Association.[2][1] Hunt was a founder of the "San Fernando Valley Mayor's Fund for the Homeless" and helped to open one of the first homeless shelters in the San Fernando Valley.[2][1] In 1960, she produced an hour-long telecast about the refugee problems that featured stars such as Paul Newman, Jean Simmons and Bing Crosby.[1] She raised funds for the creation of "Rose Cottage", a day care shelter for homeless children,[1] and served for many years on the Advisory Board of Directors for the San Fernando Valley Community Mental Health Center, a large non-profit, where she advocates for adults and children affected by homelessness and mental illness.[1] Hunt was named honorary mayor of Sherman Oaks, California, in 1983.[1] She still identifies as a political liberal and is very concerned with such issues as global pollution, worldwide poverty,[1] peace in Third World nations and population growth.[34]

Personal life

Hunt married Jerry "Jay" Hopper, assistant head of the editing department at Paramount and later a director, on November 23, 1938.[35][36] The marriage ended in divorce in 1945.

Hunt married her second husband, screenwriter and radio director Robert Presnell Jr., on February 10, 1946.[37][38] Hunt was pregnant and very sick while filming Carnegie Hall.[39] Her only biological child, a premature daughter, was born on July 1, 1947, and died the next day.[37] She and her second husband later became foster parents.[39] They remained together until his death on June 14, 1986, at age 71.[37]

She has resided in a two-story home in Sherman Oaks, California, since 1946.[40]

Awards and honors

Filmography

Year Title Role
1935 The Virginia Judge Mary Lee Calvert
1936 The Arizona Raiders Harriett Lindsay
The Accusing Finger Claire Patterson
College Holiday Sylvia Smith
Easy to Take Donna Westlake
Gentle Julia Julia Atwater
Desert Gold Judith Belding
Hollywood Boulevard Patricia Blakeford
1937 Annapolis Salute Julia Clemens
Born to the West Judy Worstall
Thunder Trail Amy Morgan
Murder Goes to College Nora Barry
Easy Living Girl
1938 Come On, Leathernecks! Valerie Taylor
1939 These Glamour Girls Betty Ainsbridge
Star Reporter Barbara Burnette
Winter Carnival Lucy Morgan
Long Shot Martha Sharon
Joe and Ethel Turp Call on the President Kitty Crusper
The Hardys Ride High Susan Bowen
1940 Irene Eleanor Worth
Flight Command Claire
Pride and Prejudice Mary Bennet
Ellery Queen, Master Detective Barbara Braun
1941 I'll Wait for You Pauline Miller
Blossoms in the Dust Charlotte
Unholy Partners Gail Fenton
The Trial of Mary Dugan Agatha Hall
Cheers for Miss Bishop Hope Thompson
The Penalty Katherine Logan
1942 Kid Glove Killer Jane Mitchell
The Affairs of Martha Martha Lindstrom
Panama Hattie Leila Tree
Joe Smith, American Mary Smith
Seven Sweethearts Regina Van Maaster
1943 Cry 'Havoc' Flo Norris
Lost Angel Katie Mallory
The Human Comedy Diana Steed
Pilot ♯5 Freddie Andrews
Thousands Cheer Marsha Hunt (herself)
1944 Bride by Mistake Sylvia Lockwood
None Shall Escape Marja Pacierkowski
Music for Millions Rosalind
1945 The Valley of Decision Constance Scott
1946 A Letter for Evie Evie O'Connor
1947 Carnegie Hall Nora Ryan
Smash-Up, the Story of a Woman Martha Gray
1948 Raw Deal Ann Martin
The Inside Story Francine Taylor
1949 Mary Ryan, Detective Mary Ryan
Take One False Step Martha Wier
Jigsaw Mrs. Hartley's Secretary (uncredited)
1952 The Happy Time Susan Bonnard
Actor's and Sin Marcia Tillayou
1954 Diplomatic Passport Judy Anderson
1955 A Word to the Wives (short) Alice
1956 No Place to Hide Anne Dobson
1957 Back from the Dead Kate Hazelton
Bombers B-52 Edith Brennan
Legend of the Lost (uncredited)
1959 Blue Denim Jessie Bartley
1960 The Plunderers Katie Miller
1969 Fear No Evil Mrs. Varney
1971 Johnny Got His Gun Joe's mother
2006 Chloe's Prayer Elizabeth Lyons
2008 The Grand Inquisitor (short) Hazel Reedy

[46][47]

Radio appearances

YearProgramEpisode/source Character
1945Suspense"Pink Camellias"[48]
1947Suspense"Self Defense"[49]
1947 The Unexpected "Birthday Present" 7/18/1947[50] Anne
1959 Suspense "Night Man" 7/26/1959[51] Miss Rhodes

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Memos, Roger C. (October 17, 2014). "Honoring Actress – Activist Marsha Hunt on her 97th Birthday!". Sherman Oaks, California: Patch.com. Archived from the original on August 10, 2017. Retrieved May 14, 2016.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Moore, Solomon (June 11, 1997). "Move to Valley Signaled Career Upswing". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on March 7, 2016.
  3. ↑ "Gotham Musical World Prominent at Easter Season". The Indianapolis Star. Indiana. April 16, 1922. p. 39. Retrieved October 18, 2017 – via Newspapers.com.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Slide, Anthony (1999). Actors on Red Alert: Career Interviews with Five Actors and Actresses Affected by the Blacklist. Scarecrow Press. pp. 47–49. ISBN 978-0810836495.
  5. ↑ Slide, pp. 49-50
  6. ↑ "'No Movie For Me', Pretty Model Says". Star Tribune. Minneapolis, Minnesota. May 11, 1935. p. 12. Retrieved September 23, 2017 – via Newspapers.com.
  7. ↑ "Model Heads Home". The Ogden Standard-Examiner. Utah. May 14, 1935. p. 9. Retrieved September 23, 2017 – via Newspapers.com.
  8. ↑ Slide, Anthony. Actors on Red Alert: Career Interviews with Five Actors and Actresses Affected by the Blacklist pp 47-49 Scarecrow Press, 1999
  9. ↑ "Picked for Film Career". The Courier-Journal. Louisville, Kentucky. June 20, 1935. p. 9. Retrieved September 23, 2017 – via Newspapers.com.
  10. ↑ "Real Campaign For Hollywood". The Des Moines Register. Des Moines, Iowa. March 6, 1936. p. 14. Retrieved October 22, 2017 – via Newspapers.com.
  11. ↑ "Behind the Scenes in Hollywood". The Evening News. Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. June 26, 1935. p. 2. Retrieved September 23, 2017 – via Newspapers.com.
  12. ↑ "John Wayne Heads Cast Of 'Born to the West'". The Morning Herald. Union Town, Pennsylvania. January 8, 1938. p. 7. Retrieved October 18, 2017 – via Newspapers.com.
  13. ↑ Slide, pp. 47-49 and 55-56
  14. ↑ "In Hollywood". The Press Democrat. Santa Rosa, California. August 1, 1939. p. 7. Retrieved October 20, 2017 – via Newspapers.com.
  15. ↑ "Marsha Hunt Is 'Terrific', States LeRoy". Lansing State Journal. Lansing, Michigan. February 23, 1941. p. 17. Retrieved October 18, 2017 – via Newspapers.com.
  16. ↑ "Saga of the High Seas". The Mercury. Hobart, Tasmania: National Library of Australia. November 11, 1944. p. 9. Retrieved April 24, 2012.
  17. ↑ "Marsha Hunt: "MGM let me play absolutely everything, the studio gave me such joy"". Filmtalk.org. 27 August 2015. Retrieved 16 October 2017.
  18. ↑ "First Hollywood film to explicitly look at Holocaust". Canadian Jewish News. Toronto, Ontario. February 23, 2017.
  19. 1 2 Krutnik, Frank. "Un-American" Hollywood: Politics and Film in the Blacklist Era p 70 Rutgers University Press, 2007
  20. 1 2 Leider, Emily W. Myrna Loy: The Only Good Girl in Hollywood (p. 261), University of California Press, 2011
  21. ↑ Ross, Stephen J. Hollywood Left and Right: How Movie Stars Shaped American Politics Oxford University Press, 2011
  22. 1 2 3 4 Franscella, Lawrence and Weisel, Al. Live Fast, Die Young: The Wild Ride of Making Rebel Without a Cause Simon and Schuster, 2005
  23. ↑ Christopher Rubeo (23 December 2014). "Hollywood Fights Back - 10/26/1947 (1 of 2)". YouTube. Retrieved 16 October 2017.
  24. ↑ Adams, David (1985). "The Progressive Citizens of America 1946-1948". The American Peace Movements (2 ed.). New Haven, Connecticut: Advocate Press. p. 11. Archived from the original on October 17, 2017. Retrieved October 16, 2017. Online second edition 2002. from the original on October 17, 2017.
  25. ↑ Slide, p. 68
  26. 1 2 Freedland, Michael. Witch Hunt in Hollywood: McCarthyism's War On Tinseltown Aurum Press, 2014
  27. 1 2 Everett, Todd (February 20, 1997). "On Golden Pond Shimmers: William Windom, Marsha Hunt lead a strong cast in the family drama". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on March 7, 2016. Retrieved April 27, 2017.
  28. 1 2 3 Szymanski, Mike (August 27, 2013). "At 95, Marsha Hunt Debuts New Song About Gay Marriage". Sherman Oaks, California: Patch.com. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved April 27, 2017.
  29. ↑ "Hollywood's Golden Age". The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved August 9, 2017.
  30. ↑ "Tony London". CDBaby. Retrieved October 18, 2017.
  31. 1 2 "Celebrating Seniors-Marsha Hunt". Senior City Local. Retrieved October 18, 2017.
  32. ↑ Post, James Nichols The Huffington (January 10, 2014). "WATCH: This Famous 95-Year-Old Actress Wrote A New Gay Rights Anthem". HuffingtonPost.com. Retrieved October 16, 2017.
  33. ↑ Ryan Torok (April 27, 2017). "Ed Asner honored for lifetime achievement at L.A. Jewish Film Festival [VIDEO]". Jewish Journal. Retrieved August 9, 2017.
  34. ↑ "Marsha Hunt and her politics". The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved August 9, 2017.
  35. ↑ Slide, Anthony. Actors on Red Alert: Career Interviews with Five Actors and Actresses Affected by the Blacklist (pp 56-57), Scarecrow Press, 1999.
  36. ↑ "Married Today". Argus Leader. Sioux Falls, South Dakota. November 23, 1938. p. 1. Retrieved October 17, 2017 – via Newspapers.com.
  37. 1 2 3 "Screenwriter Robert Presnell Jr. Dies at Age 71". Los Angeles Times. June 17, 1986. Archived from the original on October 18, 2016. Retrieved April 27, 2017.
  38. ↑ "Marsha Hunt Weds Robert Presnell, Jr". The Town Talk. Alexandria, Louisiana. February 11, 1946. p. 14. Retrieved October 18, 2017 – via Newspapers.com.
  39. 1 2 Slide, p. 60
  40. ↑ McCarthy, Dennis (October 17, 2017). "From Hollywood blacklist to age 100: A Sherman Oaks survivor". Los Angeles Daily News. Archived from the original on October 17, 2017. Retrieved October 17, 2017.
  41. ↑ "Marsha Hunt". Hollywood Walk of Fame. Retrieved October 18, 2017.
  42. ↑ "A compendium of the 500 stars nominated for top 50 'Greatest Screen Legends status" (PDF). American Film Institute. Retrieved October 18, 2017.
  43. ↑ "Golden Boot Awards 2002". Golden Boot Awards. Retrieved October 18, 2017.
  44. ↑ Robb, David (March 22, 2015). "Hollywood Blacklist Actress Marsha Hunt To Be Honored With Award". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved December 30, 2016.
  45. 1 2 "Experience over eight decades of the Oscars from 1927 to 2017". Oscars.org. Retrieved October 25, 2017.
  46. ↑ "Marsha Hunt". Hollywood.com. Retrieved October 16, 2017.
  47. ↑ "Filmography for Marsha Hunt". TCM. Retrieved October 16, 2017.
  48. ↑ Pink Camellia (radio). Suspense via Escape-Suspense.com (December 06, 2007). December 27, 1945. Archived from the original on April 26, 2017.
  49. ↑ "Suspense". Escape-Suspense.com. Retrieved August 9, 2017.
  50. ↑ "The Unexpected, Volume 1". Radio Archives. January 30, 2018. Retrieved January 30, 2018.
  51. ↑ "Suspense". Radio Archives. Retrieved January 30, 2018.

Further reading

  • McGilligan, Patrick and Paul Buhle (1997). Tender Comrades: A Backstory of the Hollywood Blacklist (Glenn Lovell Q&A with Hunt). St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0-312-17046-7.
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