Margot Frank

Margot Frank
Margot Frank, May 1942
Born Margot Betti Frank
February 16, 1926
Frankfurt-am-Main, Weimar Germany
Died February or March 1945 (age 18/19)
Bergen-Belsen concentration camp, Lower Saxony, Nazi Germany
Cause of death Typhus
Nationality German until 1941; stateless from 1941[1]
Education Ludwig-Richter School
Known for Sister of Anne Frank
Home town Frankfurt am Main, Germany
Parent(s) Otto Frank
Edith Holländer
Relatives Anne Frank (sister)

Margot Betti Frank (February 16, 1926 – February-March, 1945)[2] was the eldest daughter of Otto Frank and Edith Frank and the elder sister of Anne Frank. Margot's deportation order from the Gestapo hastened the Frank family into hiding. According to the diary of her younger sister, Anne, Margot kept a diary of her own, but no trace of Margot's diary has ever been found. She died in Bergen-Belsen.[3]

Jeker School in Amsterdam - The Elementary School of Margot Frank.

Early life and education

Margot Betti Frank, named after maternal aunt Bettina Holländer (1898–1914), was born in Frankfurt, Germany, to Jewish parents, and lived in the outer suburbs of the city with her parents, Otto Frank and Edith Frank-Holländer, and also her younger sister Anne Frank, during the early years of her life.

She attended the Ludwig-Richter School in Frankfurt until the appointment of Adolf Hitler on January 30, 1933 to the position of chancellor in Germany brought an increase of anti-Jewish measures, among which was the expulsion of Jewish schoolchildren from non-denominational schools. In response to the rising tide of anti-semitism, the family decided to follow the 63,000 other Jews who had left Germany that year and immigrate to Amsterdam in the Netherlands. Edith Frank-Holländer and her daughters moved in with her mother in Aachen in June 1933 until Otto Frank found accommodation in Amsterdam. Margot and her mother left Germany to join him on December 5, 1933, followed by Anne in February 1934. Margot was enrolled in an elementary school on Amsterdam's Jekerstraat, close to their new address in Amsterdam South, and achieved excellent academic results until an anti-Jewish law imposed a year after the 1940 German invasion of the Netherlands demanded her removal to a Jewish lyceum. There she displayed the studiousness and intelligence which had made her noteworthy at her previous schools, and was remembered by former pupils as virtuous, reserved, and very obedient. In her diary, Anne recounted instances of their mother suggesting she emulate Margot, and although she wrote of admiring her sister in some respects for being handsome and clever, Anne sought to define her own individuality without role models. Margot is also shown to have a much better relationship with at least her mother, and had a much more modest and tolerant nature as opposed to Anne, who was determined and often spoke her mind.

While Anne inherited her father's ambivalence towards the Torah, Margot followed her mother's example and became involved in Amsterdam's Jewish community. She took Hebrew classes, attended synagogue, and in 1941 joined a Dutch Zionist club for young people who wanted to immigrate to Palestine to found a Jewish state, where, according to Anne, she wished to become a midwife.

On July 5, 1942, she received a notice to report to a labor camp and the next day went into hiding with her family at her father's office building. They were later joined by four other Jewish refugees and remained hidden for two years until they were betrayed on August 4, 1944.[4]

Stolperstein for Margot Frank at the Pastorplatz in Aachen, Germany

Arrest and death

Along with the other occupants of the hiding place, Margot Frank was arrested by the Gestapo, and detained in their headquarters overnight before being taken to a cell in a nearby prison for three days. From here they were taken by train, on 8 August, to the Dutch Westerbork concentration camp. As the Frank family had failed to respond to Margot's call-up notice in 1942, and had been discovered in hiding, they (along with Fritz Pfeffer and the Van Pels family) were declared criminals by the camp's officials and detained in its punishment block to be sentenced to hard labor in the battery dismantling plant. They remained there until they were selected for Westerbork's last deportation to Auschwitz on September 3, 1944. Margot and Anne were transferred to Bergen-Belsen concentration camp on October 30, where both contracted typhus in the winter of 1944.

Margot Frank died sometime in February 1945 at the age of 19 due to typhus. A few days later, Anne died due to the same illness. Janny Brandes-Brilleslijper and her sister Lientje buried them together in one of the camp's mass graves; in August 1945, once she came back to the Netherlands and recovered from typhus, Janny wrote to Otto Frank and informed him that both his daughters had died.

Otto Frank was the only one to survive out of the eight people who went into hiding. When he returned to Amsterdam he was given Anne's diary by Miep Gies, which he later published as a remembrance to her. Along with Anne, Margot Frank also wrote a diary during their time in hiding (Anne mentioned her sister's diary in her diary) but Margot's diary was never found.[5] However, many authors wrote fan-based diaries of Margot such as the novel The Silent Sister by Mazal Alouf-Mizrahi. Letters written by both Frank sisters to American pen pals were published in 2003.[6] Buddy Elias (1925-2015) was Anne's first cousin and last surviving close relative.

References

  1. ↑ Müller 1999, pp. 128–130
  2. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2018-01-02. Retrieved 2018-03-05.
  3. ↑ Rittner, Carol (1998). Anne Frank in the world: essays and reflections. M.E. Sharpe. p. 111. ISBN 978-0-7656-0020-2.
  4. ↑ Barnouw, David; Van Der Stroom, Gerrold, eds. (2003). The Diary of Anne Frank: The Revised Critical Edition. New York: Doubleday. p. 21. ISBN 0-385-50847-6.
  5. ↑ "Margot Frank". Anne Frank Stichting. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
  6. ↑ "Anne Frank and her Iowa Penpal". Archived from the original on 2013-12-09. Retrieved 2014-03-16.

Further reading

  • Frank, Anne. The Diary of Anne Frank: The Revised Critical Edition, edited by David Barnouw and Gerrold Van der Stroom, translated by Arnold J. Pomerans, compiled by H. J. J. Hardy, second edition, Doubleday 2001.
  • Lindwer, Willy. The Last Seven Months of Anne Frank, Pan Macmillan, 1989.
  • Rubin, Susan Goldman. Searching for Anne Frank: Letters from Amsterdam to Iowa, Abrams 2003.
  • Gies, Miep; with Alison
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