Yuzhmash

A.M. Makarov Southern Machine-Building Plant (Yuzhmash)
Native name
 Південмаш
Yuzhmash
State-owned enterprise
Genre Defense industry
Space industry
Aerospace industry
Founded July 21, 1944 (1944-07-21) in Dnepropetrovsk, USSR
Headquarters 1, Kryvorizhska street, Dnipro, Ukraine
Key people
 Sergii N. Voyt, General Director
Products Launch vehicles, ballistic missiles, rocket engines, spacecrafts, landing gears, tractors, trolleybuses, castings, forgings
Parent State Space Agency of Ukraine
Website http://www.yuzhmash.com/

The Production Association Yuzhny Machine-Building Plant named after A.M. Makarov, PA Pivdenmash or PA Yuzhmash (Ukrainian: Виробниче Об'єднання Південний Машинобудівний Завод імені О. М. Макарова) is a Ukrainian state-owned aerospace manufacturer. It produces spacecraft, launch vehicles (rockets), liquid-propellant rockets, landing gears, castings, forgings, tractors, tools, and industrial products. The company is headquartered in Dnipro, and reports to the State Space Agency of Ukraine. It works with international aerospace partners in 23 countries.

History

Yuzhmash operated initially as "plant 586" in the Soviet Union. In 1954 Mikhail Yangel established the autonomous design bureau designated OKB-586, from the former chief designer's division of plant 586. Yangel had previously headed OKB-1 (today RKK Energiya) and was primarily a supporter of liquid fuel technology – unlike Sergei Korolev at OKB-1, who was a supporter of missiles using cryogenic fuels. To pursue development of ballistic missiles using storable liquid fuels, Mikhail Yangel had received authorization to convert the chief designer's division of the plant into an autonomous design bureau. Following this, OKB-586 was designated Southern Design Bureau (better known as Pivdenne) and plant 586 was renamed Southern Machine-Building Plant in 1966, with a focus on the design and production of ballistic missiles. The plant was later renamed Southern Machine-Building Production Union, or Yuzhmash.

Missiles produced at Yuzhmash included the first nuclear armed Soviet rocket R-5M (SS-3 'Shyster'), the R-12 Dvina (SS-4 'Sandal'), the R-14 Chusovaya (SS-5 'Skean'), the first widely deployed Soviet ICBM R-16 (SS-7 'Saddler'), the R-36 (SS-9 'Scarp'), the MR-UR-100 Sotka (SS-17 'Spanker'), and the R-36M (SS-18 'Satan'). During the Soviet era, the plant was capable of producing of up to 120 ICBMs a year. In the late 1980s, Yuzhmash was selected to be the main production facility of the RT-2PM2 Topol-M ICBM (SS-27 "Sickle B").

After the beginning of perestroika, demand for military production declined significantly, and the Yuzhmash product line was expanded to include non-military uses such as civilian machinery.

One line of products added after 1992 are trolleybuses. Models include the articulated YuMZ T1 (1992—2008), its non-articulated brother YuMZ T2 (1993—2008) and more modern YuMZ E-186 (2005—2006) which features a low floor cabin.

Leonid Kuchma, long-time chief manager (1986-1992) of the company, became the Prime Minister in 1992, and later President of Ukraine in 1994.

Yuzhmash' "Antares II" rocket designed for NASA to deliver commercial cargo to the International Space Station
Yuzhmash' "Antares II" rocket designed for NASA to deliver commercial cargo to the International Space Station

In addition to production facilities in Dnipro, Pivdenne Production Association includes the Pavlohrad Mechanical Plant, which specializes in producing solid-fuel missiles. Pivdenmash's importance was further bolstered by its links to Ukraine's former President Leonid Kuchma, who worked at Pivdenmash between 1975 and 1992. He was the plant's general manager from 1986 to 1991.

In February 2015, following a year of strained relations, Russia announced that it would sever its "joint program with Ukraine to launch Dnepr rockets and [was] no longer interested in buying Ukrainian Zenit boosters, deepening problems for [Ukraine's] space program and its struggling Yuzhmash factory."[1]

With the loss of Russian business some thought that the only hope for the company was increased international business which seemed unlikely in the time frame available.[2] Bankruptcy seemed certain as of February 2015, but was averted.[2] 2014 revenues (in Ukrainian Hyrvinas) were 4 times less than 2011.[3]

Today

On August 14, 2017, the Institute of International Strategic Studies issued a report presenting evidence that "North Korea has acquired a high-performance liquid-propellant engine from illicit networks in Russia and Ukraine", likely produced by Yuzhmash facilities[4]. Both the company[5] and the Ukrainian government[6] denied the allegation.

An Antares rocket using a Yuzhmash core was launched from Wallops Island in October of 2016 to deliver supplies to the ISS. [7]A Zenit rocket was launched in December 2017, after a two year hiatus, to deliver AngoSat 1.[8]

In February of 2018 Yuzhmash announced plans to develop a testing platform for Hyperloop that is scheduled for completion in 2019 in Dnipro. [9]

Structure

  • Factory of missile and aviation aggregates (created in 2010 through organization)
  • Pavlohrad Mechanical Factory (located in Pavlohrad)
  • Dnipro Tractor Factory
  • Factory of Technological Equipment
  • Production Complex "Metalurhiya"
  • Production Complex "Yuzhmashenergo"
  • Construction and Installation Complex
  • Sports Complex Meteor
  • Social and domestic administration
  • Airline Yuzhmashavia

Military and space industry

Yuzhmash is known for its military and space industry products that earned for the city of Dnipro nickname of the "rocket city".

Missiles

The company had been the key missile producer for Soviet ICBM and space exploration programs. Historic and Yuzhmash launch systems included:

Space Launch Vehicles

Rocket engines

Automatic nuclear-control system

Dead Hand (nuclear war) -A similar system existed in the US known as the Emergency Rocket Communications System (ERCS)

Vehicles manufacturing

Created in 1944 as Dnipropetrovsk Tractor Factory, it was later expanded.

YuMZ E186

Trolleybuses

  • YuMZ-T1 (1992—2008)
  • YuMZ-T2 (1993—2008)
  • YuMZ-T2.09 (1998—2007)
  • YuMZ E186 (2005-2006)

Tractors

  • YuMZ-2 (1954—1958)
  • YuMZ-5 (1957—1962)
  • YuMZ-6 (1971—2001)
  • YuMZ 8040.2
  • YuMZ 8244.2
  • YuMZ 8080

See also

References

  1. ↑ Messier, Doug (6 February 2015). "Russia Severing Ties With Ukraine on Dnepr, Zenit Launch Programs". Parabolic Arc. Retrieved 8 February 2015.
  2. 1 2 Doug Messier (February 10, 2015). "Ukraine Space Industry on Verge of Collapse". Parabolic Arc. Retrieved February 14, 2015.
  3. ↑ http://rian.com.ua/story/20151007/374851236.html
  4. ↑ Elleman, Michael. "The secret to North Korea's ICBM success". iiss.org. International Institute for Strategic Studies. Retrieved 14 August 2017.
  5. ↑ "The refutation of publication of The New York Times". yuzhmash.com. "PA Yuzhny Machine-Building Plant named after A. Makarov". Retrieved 14 August 2017.
  6. ↑ "Oleksandr Turchynov: Ukrainian defense-industrial complex did not supply weapons and military technology to North Korea". National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine. Retrieved 14 August 2017.
  7. ↑ Henry, Caleb. "Orbital ATK's Antares Returns to Flight Using RD-181 Engines". satellitetoday.com. Via Satelite. Retrieved 27 January 2018.
  8. ↑ Zak, Anatoly. "Zenit delivers Angosat-1, but the spacecraft breaks contact with ground control". Russian Space Web. Retrieved 28 December 2017.
  9. ↑ Xuequan, Mu. "Ukraine to launch testing platform for Hyperloop: minister". Xinhua. Xinhua. Retrieved 19 March 2018.

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