Macrophagic myofasciitis

Macrophagic myofasciitis

Macrophagic Myofasciitis, or MMF, is a rare muscle disease identified in 1993. The disease is characterized by microscopic lesions found in muscle biopsies that show infiltration of muscle tissue by PAS-positive macrophages.[1]

Specific causes of MMF are unknown. Intramuscular injections of aluminium-containing vaccines have been implicated.[1] Many of those affected with the disease had previously been treated for malaria with chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine.[2]

Clinical symptoms include muscle pain, joint pain, muscle weakness, fatigue, fever, and muscle tenderness. A diagnosis can only be identified with an open muscle biopsy of the vaccinated muscle.[3]

Studies at the University of Paris have shown that MMF lesions result when the aluminum hydroxide adjuvant from a vaccine remains embedded in the tissue and causes a steady immune reaction.[4][5][6][4]

As of 2009 and with few exceptions, MMF had only been observed in France.[7]

References

  1. 1 2 Authier FJ, Cherin P, Creange A, Bonnotte B, Ferrer X, Abdelmoumni A, Ranoux D, Pelletier J, Figarella-Branger D, Granel B, Maisonobe T, Coquet M, Degos JD, Gherardi RK (May 2001). "Central nervous system disease in patients with macrophagic myofasciitis". Brain. 124 (Pt 5): 974–83. doi:10.1093/brain/124.5.974. OCLC 39378352. PMID 11335699.
  2. ↑ medicinenet.com, "Definition of Macrophagic myofasciitis". Accessed August 22, 2013.
  3. ↑ Fischer D, Reimann J, Schröder R (October 2003). "[Macrophagic myofasciitis: inflammatory, vaccination-associated muscular disease]". Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift. 128 (44): 2305–8. doi:10.1055/s-2003-43184. OCLC 163397752. PMID 14593574.
  4. 1 2 Gherardi RK, Coquet M, Cherin P, Belec L, Moretto P, Dreyfus PA, Pellissier JF, Chariot P, Authier FJ (September 2001). "Macrophagic myofasciitis lesions assess long-term persistence of vaccine-derived aluminium hydroxide in muscle". Brain. 124 (Pt 9): 1821–31. doi:10.1093/brain/124.9.1821. PMID 11522584.
  5. ↑ Chérin P, Authier FJ, Gherardi RK, Romero N, Laforêt P, Eymard B, Herson S, Caillat-Vigneron N (July 2000). "Gallium-67 scintigraphy in macrophagic myofasciitis". Arthritis and Rheumatism. 43 (7): 1520–6. doi:10.1002/1529-0131(200007)43:7<1520::AID-ANR16>3.0.CO;2-Q. PMID 10902755.
  6. ↑ Gherardi RK, Authier FJ (February 2012). "Macrophagic myofasciitis: characterization and pathophysiology". Lupus. 21 (2): 184–9. doi:10.1177/0961203311429557. PMC 3623725. PMID 22235051.
  7. ↑ "WHO | Macrophagic myofasciitis and aluminium-containing vaccines". www.who.int. Retrieved 2017-09-25.
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