Lumnitzera

Lumnitzera
Lumnitzera racemosa (flowering) - Kung Krabaen, Chantaburi province, Thailand
Scientific classification
Kingdom:Plantae
Clade:Angiosperms
Clade:Eudicots
Clade:Rosids
Order:Myrtales
Family:Combretaceae
Genus:Lumnitzera
Willd. (1803)[1]
Species

Lumnitzera littorea
Lumnitzera racemosa

Range of Lumnitzera[1]

Lumnitzera is an Indo-West Pacific mangrove genus in the family Combretaceae. An English common name is black mangrove.[2] (However, "black mangrove may also refer to the unrelated genus Avicennia.) Lumnitzera, named after the German botanist, Stephan Lumnitzer (1750-1806), occurs in mangroves from East Africa to the Western Pacific (including Fiji and Tonga), and northern Australia.[1]

Lumnitzera littorea, Tonga
Lumnitzera racemosa, Indonesia

The genus has two species of similar vegetative appearance but with differing flower colour. Lumnitzera littorea has red flowers whereas Lumnitzera racemosa has white flowers. Both species have flat and spoon-shaped (spathulate) leaves with emarginate tips. L. racemosa dominates in the western part of the range and L. littorea dominates in the east. Hybrids occur within the zone of overlap (Lumnitzera × rosea).[1]

Three genera of the tropical woody family Combretaceae, Laguncularia, Conocarpus, and Lumnitzera, are found in mangroves but Lumnitzera is the only one to occur in the Indo-West Pacific mangroves, including Australia.[1]

Lumnitzera racemosa var. racemosa (Tonga mangrove, Afrikaans: Tonga-wortelboom, Zulu: Isikhaha-esibomvu) is a protected tree in South Africa.[3]

List of species

The total world list of Lumnitzera species is 3,[4] namely L. littorea, L. racemosa and L. X rosea - others are synonyms, or incorrectly assigned names:

  • Lumnitzera caesia Spreng. (Unresolved) [5]
  • Lumnitzera capitata (Roth) Spreng. synonym of Platostoma hispidum (L.) A.J.Paton [6]
  • Lumnitzera carnosa Spreng. synonym of Ocimum carnosum (Spreng.) Link & Otto ex Benth. [7]
  • Lumnitzera coccinea Wight & Arn. synonym of Lumnitzera littorea (Jack) Voigt [8]
  • Lumnitzera densiflora (Roth) Spreng. synonym of Isodon rugosus (Wall. ex Benth.) Codd [9]
  • Lumnitzera fastigiata (Roth) Spreng. synonym of Salvia plebeia R.Br. [10]
  • Lumnitzera littorea (Jack) Voigt [11]
  • Lumnitzera lutea C.Presl (Unresolved) [12]
  • Lumnitzera montana F.Muell. (Unresolved) [13]
  • Lumnitzera moschata (R.Br.) Spreng. synonym of Plectranthus parviflorus Willd. [14]
  • Lumnitzera ocimoides Jacq. ex Spreng. synonym of Mosla dianthera (Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb.) Maxim. [15]
  • Lumnitzera pedicellata C.Presl (Unresolved) [16]
  • Lumnitzera pentandra Griff. (Unresolved) [17]
  • Lumnitzera polystachyon (L.) J.Jacq. ex Spreng. synonym of Basilicum polystachyon (L.) Moench [18]
  • Lumnitzera prostrata (L.) Spreng. synonym of Platostoma menthoides (L.) A.J.Paton [19]
  • Lumnitzera purpurea (Gaudich.) C. Presl synonym of Lumnitzera littorea (Jack) Voigt [20]
  • Lumnitzera racemosa Willd. [21]
  • Lumnitzera racemosa var. pubescens Koord. & Valeton synonym of Lumnitzera racemosa Willd. [22]
  • Lumnitzera racemosa var. racemosa synonym of Lumnitzera racemosa Willd. [23]
  • Lumnitzera rosea (Gaudich.) C. Presl synonym of Lumnitzera racemosa Willd. [24]
  • Lumnitzera rubicunda (D.Don) Spreng. synonym of Orthosiphon rubicundus (D.Don) Benth. [25]
  • Lumnitzera salvioides (B.Heyne ex Roth) Spreng. synonym of Plectranthus salvioides (B.Heyne ex Roth) Benth. [26]
  • Lumnitzera tenuiflora (L.) Spreng. synonym of Ocimum tenuiflorum L. [27]
  • Lumnitzera virgata (D.Don) Spreng. synonym of Orthosiphon rubicundus (D.Don) Benth. [28]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 "Lumnitzera". University of Queensland. Retrieved 30 June 2010.
  2. ↑ "Lumnitzera". Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Database. USDA. Retrieved 23 June 2015.
  3. ↑ "Protected Trees" (PDF). Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, Republic of South Africa. 3 May 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 July 2010.
  4. ↑ Duke, Norman C (2013). World Mangrove ID: expert information at your fingertips. Currumbin, Queensland: MangroveWatch Publications. ISBN 9780992365905.
  5. ↑ "Lumnitzera caesia Spreng. — The Plant List". www.theplantlist.org. Retrieved 2017-08-04.
  6. ↑ "Lumnitzera capitata (Roth) Spreng. — The Plant List". www.theplantlist.org. Retrieved 2017-08-04.
  7. ↑ "Lumnitzera carnosa Spreng. — The Plant List". www.theplantlist.org. Retrieved 2017-08-04.
  8. ↑ "Lumnitzera coccinea Wight & Arn. — The Plant List". www.theplantlist.org. Retrieved 2017-08-04.
  9. ↑ "Lumnitzera densiflora (Roth) Spreng. — The Plant List". www.theplantlist.org. Retrieved 2017-08-04.
  10. ↑ "Lumnitzera fastigiata (Roth) Spreng. — The Plant List". www.theplantlist.org. Retrieved 2017-08-04.
  11. ↑ "Lumnitzera littorea (Jack) Voigt — The Plant List". www.theplantlist.org. Retrieved 2017-08-04.
  12. ↑ "Lumnitzera lutea C.Presl — The Plant List". www.theplantlist.org. Retrieved 2017-08-04.
  13. ↑ "Lumnitzera montana F.Muell. — The Plant List". www.theplantlist.org. Retrieved 2017-08-04.
  14. ↑ "Lumnitzera moschata (R.Br.) Spreng. — The Plant List". www.theplantlist.org. Retrieved 2017-08-04.
  15. ↑ "Lumnitzera ocimoides Jacq. ex Spreng. — The Plant List". www.theplantlist.org. Retrieved 2017-08-04.
  16. ↑ "Lumnitzera pedicellata C.Presl — The Plant List". www.theplantlist.org. Retrieved 2017-08-04.
  17. ↑ "Lumnitzera pentandra Griff. — The Plant List". www.theplantlist.org. Retrieved 2017-08-04.
  18. ↑ "Lumnitzera polystachyon (L.) J.Jacq. ex Spreng. — The Plant List". www.theplantlist.org. Retrieved 2017-08-04.
  19. ↑ "Lumnitzera prostrata (L.) Spreng. — The Plant List". www.theplantlist.org. Retrieved 2017-08-04.
  20. ↑ "Lumnitzera purpurea (Gaudich.) C. Presl — The Plant List". www.theplantlist.org. Retrieved 2017-08-04.
  21. ↑ "Lumnitzera racemosa Willd. — The Plant List". www.theplantlist.org. Retrieved 2017-08-04.
  22. ↑ "Lumnitzera racemosa var. pubescens Koord. & Valeton — The Plant List". www.theplantlist.org. Retrieved 2017-08-04.
  23. ↑ "Lumnitzera racemosa var. racemosa — The Plant List". www.theplantlist.org. Retrieved 2017-08-04.
  24. ↑ "Lumnitzera rosea (Gaudich.) C. Presl — The Plant List". www.theplantlist.org. Retrieved 2017-08-04.
  25. ↑ "Lumnitzera rubicunda (D.Don) Spreng. — The Plant List". www.theplantlist.org. Retrieved 2017-08-04.
  26. ↑ "Lumnitzera salvioides (B.Heyne ex Roth) Spreng. — The Plant List". www.theplantlist.org. Retrieved 2017-08-04.
  27. ↑ "Lumnitzera tenuiflora (L.) Spreng. — The Plant List". www.theplantlist.org. Retrieved 2017-08-04.
  28. ↑ "Lumnitzera virgata (D.Don) Spreng. — The Plant List". www.theplantlist.org. Retrieved 2017-08-04.

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