List of tiltrotor aircraft

Bell-Boeing V-22 Osprey, the most successful tiltrotor to date.

Tiltrotors are a type of vertical takeoff and landing aircraft that convert from vertical to horizontal flight through rotating propellers or ducted fans – normally two, although one, four, and two-with-an-auxiliary-third are all configurations that have flown – from horizontal positions like conventional aircraft propellers to vertical like a helicopter's rotors.[1] Tiltrotor aircraft have been proposed since the earliest days of powered flight, however the complexity and compromises inherent in the concept meant that they did not achieve successful flight until the 1950s,[2] and none entered operational service until the 21st century.

Aircraft

Aircraft Illustration Origin First flight Entered service Type Notes
These types were flown.
Bell V-280 ValorUS2017-Heavy transportIntended for both commuter and military roles.[3]
AgustaWestland AW609ItalyMarch 20032019Civil transportOriginally Bell-Augusta BA609.[4]
AgustaWestland Project ZeroItalyJune 2011-ExperimentalHybrid propulsion technology demonstrator. Ducted fans.[5]
Baldwin MTR-SDUS2010-ExperimentalSmall radio-control mono tiltrotor testbed.[6]
Bell XV-3USAugust 1955-ExperimentalTiltrotor proof-of-concept. Originally designated XH-33.[7]
Bell XV-15USMay 1977-ExperimentalHigh speed tiltrotor project. Developed into V-22 Osprey.[8]
Bell Boeing V-22 OspreyUSMarch 1989June 2007Military transportLengthy, controversial development.[9]
Bell Eagle EyeUSMarch 1998-Scout UAVAbandoned by US Coast Guard; still technically on offer.[10]
Colugo Systems ARCopterIsrael2015-Scout UAVTilting quadcopter frame.[11]
CTA Heliconair HC-I ConvertiplanoBrazil1954-ExperimentalVery little detail known.[12]
Curtiss-Wright X-100USMarch 1960-ExperimentalTestbed for radial force principle. Developed into X-19.[13]
Curtiss-Wright X-19USNovember 1963-Transport testbedQuad-tiltrotor.[14]
Doak VZ-4USFebruary 1958-ExperimentalU.S. Army VTOL research project. Ducted fans.[15]
Dornier Do 29GermanyDecember 1958-ExperimentalUtility VTOL testbed. Inverted rotors.[16]
IAI PantherIsrael2011-Recon UAVAuxiliary third rotor for vertical lift.[17]
IAI/Hankuk FE-PantherIsrael
South Korea		2016-Recon UAVImproved Panther with separate engine for horizontal flight.[18]
Nord Aviation N 500 CadetFranceJuly 1968-ExperimentalDucted fans.[19]
Transcendental Model 1-GUSJuly 1954-ExperimentalSingle engine driving two rotors.[20]
Transcendental Model 2US1956-ExperimentalImproved Model 1.[21]
These types were not flown or have not yet flown. "First Flight" date listed is rough project date.
Aerocopter SarusUS2009-CommuterAnnular mono tiltrotor.[22]
American Dynamics AD-150US2011-Scout UAVIntended for USMC Tier III VUAS program. Ducted fans.[23]
Bell V-247 VigilantUS2016-Multirole UAVCompany funded development.[24]
Bell Boeing Quad TiltRotorUS2005-Heavy transportLow-level development, several redesigns.[25]
Dufaux triplaneSwitzerland1909-ExperimentalCentral rotor and engine. Built but could not fly.[26]
Focke-Achgelis Fa 269Germany1943-FighterInverted rotors.[27]
Mil Mi-30USSR1972-Transport"Vintoplan".[28]
Russian Helicopters AlbatrossRussia2015-UAVIn development; hybrid tiltrotor-tiltwing.[28]

See also

References

Citations

  1. ↑ Leishman 2006, p.328
  2. ↑ Brown, Stuart F. (July 1987). "Tilt-rotor aircraft". Popular Science. New York: Times Mirror Magazines. 231 (1): 102. ISSN 0161-7370.
  3. ↑ Bell unveils V-280 Valor mock-up - Flightglobal.com, 21 October 2013
  4. ↑ Wynbrandt, James (11 February 2012). "AW609 Finally Ready for its Close-up". Aviation International News. Retrieved 14 February 2012.
  5. ↑ "Project Zero: Half plane, half helicopter" BBC News, 20 June 2013.
  6. ↑ "Persistence Pays Off For Mono Tiltrotor Inventor", Aviation Week 171.16, October 26, 2009, page 64
  7. ↑ Maisel 2000. Page 14.
  8. ↑ Maisel 2000. Page 70.
  9. ↑ Norton 2004
  10. ↑ New search for VTOL UAVs may resurrect Bell tiltrotor - Flightglobal.com, 21 January 2016
  11. ↑ Bergqvist, Pia (7 July 2015). "Video: See New VTOL Drone Concept Fly". Flying. Winter Park, FL: Bonnier Corporation. Retrieved 2017-11-18.
  12. ↑ "Focke Convertiplane".Flight, 1955, p.214
  13. ↑ Connor, R.D. "Curtiss-Wright X-100". National Air and Space Museum. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 2017-11-17.
  14. ↑ Jenkins 2004, p.40
  15. ↑ Stevenson, Roy, "Doak's One-Off," Aviation History, July 2014, pp. 14–15.
  16. ↑ Luftwaffe: Projekte: Do 29. In: Geschichte der Luftwaffe. Bundeswehr. Accessed 2009-06-15.
  17. ↑ "Israel Aerospace Industries unveils Panther UAV". www.theengineer.co.uk. October 5, 2010. Retrieved October 5, 2010.
  18. ↑ Egozi, Arie (19 December 2016). "Hybrid power Panther demonstrated in South Korea". Flightglobal. Retrieved 2017-11-18.
  19. ↑ Taylor 1989, p.33
  20. ↑ Maisel 2000. Page 8.
  21. ↑ Maisel 2000. Page 11.
  22. ↑ Streep, Abe. " The Personal Tilt-Rotor." Popular Science, Vol. 274, no. 5, May 2009.
  23. ↑ Maryland Funds Work On VTOL Unmanned Aircraft Aviation Week & Space Technology, 11 February 2010.
  24. ↑ Bell unveils V-247 Vigilant unmanned tiltrotor - Flightglobal.com, 22 September 2016
  25. ↑ "Heavy duty: US Army backs tiltrotor as future battlefield airlifter". Flight International, 14 January 2008.
  26. ↑ Taylor 1989, p.347.
  27. ↑ Lepage 2009, p.385
  28. 1 2 Trimble, Stephen (27 August 2015). "MAKS: Russian Helicopters launches unmanned tiltrotor concept". FlightGlobal. Retrieved 2017-11-25.

Bibliography

  • Jenkins, Dennis R. (2004). X-Planes Photo Scrapbook. North Branch, MN: Specialty Press. ISBN 978-158007-076-8.
  • Leishman, J. Gordon (2006). Principles of Helicopter Aerodynamics. New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-85860-7.
  • Lepage, Jean-Denis G.G. (2009). Aircraft of the Luftwaffe, 1935–1945: An Illustrated Guide. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company. ISBN 978-0-7864-3937-9.
  • Maisel, Martin D., Demo J. Giulianetti and Daniel C. Dugan. "The History of the XV-15 Tilt Rotor Research Aircraft: From Concept to Flight". Washington, D.C.: NASA History Division, 2000.
  • Norton, Bill. Bell Boeing V-22 Osprey, Tiltrotor Tactical Transport. Earl Shilton, Leicester, UK: Midland Publishing, 2004. ISBN 1-85780-165-2
  • Taylor, Michael J. H. (1989). Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation. London: Studio Editions. p. 347.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.