List of state leaders in 1875

This is a list of heads of state, heads of governments, and other rulers in the year 1875.

Africa

• Anziku Kingdom – Iloo
• Aussa Sultanate – Mahammad ibn Hanfadhe
• Ashanti Confederacy – Mensa Bonsu Kumaa, Asantehene (1874–1883)
• Kingdom of Burundi – Mwezi IV Gisabo (1852–1908)
• Kingdom of Dahomey – Glele (1856–1889)
• Ethiopian Empire – Yohannes IV (1871–1889)
• Liberia – Joseph Jenkins Roberts, President of Liberia (1872–1876)
• Sokoto Caliphate
  • Caliph – Abu Bakr bin Bello (1873–1877)
  • Grand Vizier – Abdullah bin Muhammad Fodiye (c.1874–1886)
• Sultanate of Zanzibar – Barghash bin Said (1870–1888)
• Zulu – Cetshwayo kaMpande, King of the Zulu (1872–1884)

Asia

• Emirate of Afghanistan – Sher Ali Khan (1868–1879)
• Sultanate of Brunei – Abdul Momin (1852–1885)
• Kingdom of Burma – Mindon Min (1853–1878)
• Kingdom of Cambodia – Norodom (1860–1904)
• Kingdom of Champasak – Kham Suk (1863–1900)
• China (Qing dynasty)
  1. Tongzhi Emperor (1861–1875)
  2. Guangxu Emperor (1875–1908)
• Empire of Japan
  • Monarch – Emperor Meiji (1867–1912)
  • Chancellor of the Realm – Sanjō Sanetomi (1871–1885)
  • Ryukyu Domain - Shō Tai, King of Ryukyu (1848–11 March 1879)
• Joseon (Korea) – Gojong (1864–1907, Emperor after 1897)
• Kingdom of Luang Phrabang – Unkham (1868–1895)
• Kingdom of Nepal – Surendra Bikram Shah Deva (1847–1881)
• Sultanate of Oman – Turki bin Said (1871–1888)
• Siam – Chulalongkorn (Rama V), King of Siam (1868–1910)
• Vietnam (Nguyễn dynasty) – Tự Đức, Emperor of Vietnam (1847–1883)

Australia and Oceania

• Tonga – George Tupou I, King of Tonga (1875–1893)

Europe

• Andorra – Patrice de Mac-Mahon, Duke of Magenta (President of France, 1873–1879) and Josep Caixal i Estradé (Bishop of Urgel, 1853–1879), Co-Princes
• Austria-Hungary – Franz Joseph I, Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary (1848–1916)
  • Minister-President of Austria - Prince Adolf of Auersperg (1871–1879)
  • Minister-President of Hungary
  1. István Bittó (1874–1875)
  2. Béla Wenckheim (1875)
  3. Kálmán Tisza (1875–1890)
• Belgium
  • Monarch – Léopold II, King of the Belgians (1865–1909)
  • Cabinet Chief – Barthélémy de Theux de Meylandt (1871–1878, 1884)
• Kingdom of Denmark
  • Monarch – Christian IX (1863–1906)
  • Prime Minister
    1. Christen Andreas Fonnesbech (1874–1875)
    2. Jacob Brønnum Scavenius Estrup (1875–1894)
• French Third Republic
  • President – Patrice de Mac-Mahon, Duke of Magenta (1873–1879)
  • President of the Council
    1. Ernest Courtot de Cissey (1874–1875)
    2. Louis Buffet (1875–1876)
• Germany
  • Monarch – Wilhelm I, German Emperor (1871–1888)
  • Chancellor – Otto von Bismarck (1871–1890)
  • see List of German rulers in 1875
• Kingdom of Greece
  • Monarch – George I (1863–1913)
  • Prime Minister
    1. Dimitrios Voulgaris (1874–1875)
    2. Charilaos Trikoupis (1875)
    3. Alexandros Koumoundouros (1875–1876)
• Holy See – Pope Pius IX (1846–1878)
• Kingdom of Italy
  • Monarch – Vittorio Emanuele II (1861–1878)
  • Prime Minister - Marco Minghetti (1873–1876)
• Principality of Liechtenstein – Johann II (1858–1929)
• Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
  • Monarch – William III of the Netherlands (1849–1890)
  • Prime Minister – Félix de Blochausen (1874–1885)
• Principality of Monaco – Charles III (1856–1889)
• Principality of Montenegro – Nicholas (1860–1910/1918/1921)
• Netherlands
  • Monarch – William III, King of the Netherlands (1849–1890)
  • Chairman of the Dutch Council of Ministers – Jan Heemskerk (1874–1877), (1883–1888)
• Ottoman (Turkish) Empire
  • Sultan - Abdülaziz (1861–1876)
  • Grand Vizier
    1. Hussein Avni Pasha (1874–1875)
    2. Mehmed Esad Pasha (1875)
    3. Mahmud Nedim Pasha (1875–1876)
• Kingdom of Portugal
  • Monarch – Luís I (1861–1889)
  • President of the Council of Ministers - António Maria de Fontes Pereira de Melo (1871–1877)
• United Principalities (Romania) – Carol I (1866–1881/1914)
• Russian Empire – Alexander II (1855–1881)
• Principality of Serbia – Milan II (1868–1882/1889)
• Kingdom of Spain
  • Monarch – Restoration of Monarchy
    • Alfonso XII (1875–1885)
  • Prime Minister
    1. Antonio Cánovas del Castillo (1874–1875, 1875–1879, 1879–1881, 1884–1885, 1890–1892, 1895–1897)
    2. Joaquín Jovellar y Soler (1875)
    3. Antonio Cánovas del Castillo (1874–1875, 1875–1879, 1879–1881, 1884–1885, 1890–1892, 1895–1897)
• Sweden – United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway – Oscar II (1872–1907)
• Switzerland – Johann Jakob Scherer, President of the Confederation (1875)
• United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
  • Monarch – Victoria (1837–1901)
  • Prime Minister – Benjamin Disraeli (1868, 1874–1880)

Middle East and North Africa

• Abu Dhabi – Zaid ibn Khalifa, Shaikh of Abu Dhabi (1855–1909)
• Khedivate of Egypt – Isma'il (1867–1879)
• Sultanate of Morocco – Hassan I (1873–1894)
• Sultanate of Oman – Turki ibn Sa'id (1871–1888)
• Persia (Qajar dynasty) – Nasir ed-Din (1848–1896)
• Beylik of Tunis (Under Ottoman Empire suzerainty) – Muhammad as-Sadiq (1859–1882)

North America and The Caribbean

• Canada
  • Monarch – Victoria, Queen of Canada (1837–1901)
  • Governor General - Marquess of Dufferin and Ava (1872–1878)
  • Prime Minister - Alexander Mackenzie (1873–1878)
• Costa Rica – Tomás Guardia Gutiérrez, President of Costa Rica (1870–1876)
• Dominican Republic – Ignacio María González, President of the Dominican Republic (1874–1876)
• El Salvador – Santiago González, President of El Salvador (1871–1876)
• Guatemala – Justo Rufino Barrios, President of Guatemala (1873–1885)
• Haiti – Michel Domingue, President of Haiti (1874–1876)
• Honduras – Ponciano Leiva, President of Honduras (1874–1876)
• Mexico - Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada, President of Mexico (1872–1876)
• Nicaragua –
  1. Vicente Quadra, President of Nicaragua (1871–1875)
  2. Pedro Joaquín Chamorro Alfaro, President of Nicaragua (1875–1879)
• United States - Ulysses S. Grant, President of the United States (1869–1877)

Oceania

• Kingdom of Hawaii – Kalākaua (1874–1891)
• Niue – Tui-toga, King of Niue (1875–1887)
• Mangareva – Bernardo Putairi, Regent of Mangareva (1873–1881)
• Samoa – Malietoa Talavou Tonumaipe’a, Malietoa (1860–1880)
• Tahiti – Pōmare IV, Queen of Tahiti (1827–1877)
• Tonga – Tāufaʻāhau, Tu'i Kanokupolu (1845–1893)
  • crowned King of Tonga, as King George Tupou I, in 1875

South America

• Argentina – Nicolás Avellaneda, President of Argentina (1874–1880)
• Bolivia – Tomás Frías Ametller, President of Bolivia (1874–1876)
• Empire of Brazil
  • Monarch – Pedro II (1831–1889)
  • President of the cabinet of ministers
    1. José Paranhos, Viscount of Rio Branco (1871–1875)
    2. Luís Alves de Lima e Silva, Duke of Caxias (1875–1878)
• Chile – Federico Errázuriz Zañartu, President of Chile (1871–1876)
• Colombia – Santiago Pérez, President of Colombia (1874–1876)
• Ecuador
  1. Gabriel García Moreno, President of Ecuador (1869–1875)
  2. Francisco Javier León, Acting President of Ecuador (1875)
  3. José Javier Egiguren, Acting President of Ecuador (1875)
  4. Rafael Pólit, President of Ecuador (1875)
  5. Antonio Borrero y Cortázar, President of Ecuador (1875–1876)
• Paraguay – Juan Bautista Gill, President of Paraguay (1874–1877)
• Peru – Manuel Pardo, President of Peru (1872–1876)
• Uruguay
  1. José Eugenio Ellauri, President of Uruguay (1873–1875)
  2. Pedro Varela, President of Uruguay (1875)
  3. Pedro Carve, President of Uruguay (1875)
  4. Pedro Varela, President of Uruguay (1875–1876)
• Venezuela – Antonio Guzmán Blanco, President of Venezuela (1870–1877)