List of people subject to banning orders under apartheid

• 
  Steve Biko
• 
  Ruth First
• 
  Ela Gandhi
• 
  Ronnie Kasrils
• 
  Albert Lutuli
• 
  Winnie Madikizela-Mandela
• 
  Trevor Manuel
• 
  Beyers Naudé
• 
  Barney Pityana
• 
  Mamphela Ramphele
• 
  Oliver Tambo
• 
  Donald Woods

Banning was a repressive extrajudicial measure^[1], used by the racist South African apartheid régime (1948-1994) against its political opponents. A banning order entailed restrictions on where the banned person could live and who they could have contact with, required that they report weekly to a police station, and also proscribed them from traveling outside a specific magisterial district and from appearing or speaking in public. It proscribed broadcasters and the press from broadcasting, publishing or reporting the banned person's words. It thus mixed elements of internal exile, suppression orders and censorship.

Contact restrictions under a banning order typically included a prescribed maximum number of other people permitted to be in the same room with the banned person at any time. As few as two other people might be permitted. The banned person was forbidden all contact with other banned persons and was forbidden to engage in political, social or community organizing.

The legislative authority for banning orders was the Suppression of Communism Act, 1950, which defined virtually all opposition to apartheid as "Communism". The régime ceased to deploy bannings and lifted all remaining banning orders in 1991^[2], in the run-up to the advent of democracy in South Africa in 1994^[2].

People subject to banning orders

Details of banning orders for entries lacking citations are sourced from their linked Wikipedia page.

• Phyllis Altman: Banned in 1964.^[3]
• Mabel Balfour: Banned in 1963.^[4]
• Saul Bastomsky: Banned in 1965, emigrated to U.K., 1966 to Australia^[5]
• Mary Benson: Banned in 1966.
• Jean Bernadt: Banned 1959 to 1964.
• Hilda Bernstein
• Lionel Bernstein
• Steve Biko: Banned February 1973 to 1977 (killed in police custody).
• Brian Brown:^[6] Banned 17 October 1977 for five years.
• Peter Brown: Banned for 5 years July 1964, renewed for a further 5 years.
• Neville Curtis:^[7] Banned 1973 to 1990.
• Lionel Davis: Banned 1971 to 1976.
• Patrick Duncan: Banned 1961, 1962; went into exile 1962.
• Bettie du Toit: Banned in 1952.^[8]
• Ruth First: Banned 1960 to 1982 (killed in exile by police letter bomb).
• Ela Gandhi: Banned in 1975.
• Bertha Gxowa: Banned in 1960.^[9]
• Viola Hashe: Banned in 1963 until her death in 1977.^[10]
• Ruth Hayman: Banned from 1966 to 1981 (died in exile).
• Helen Joseph: Banned four times, starting in 1957.
• Ronnie Kasrils: Banned 1962 to 1990.
• Clive Keegan:^[7] Banned from 1973.
• Bennie Khoapa: Banned 1973 to 1978; went into exile 1978.^[11]
• Theo Kotze:^[6] Banned 17 October 1977 for five years.
• Albert Lutuli: Banned 1952 to 1967.
• Winnie Madikizela-Mandela
• Elizabeth Mafekeng: Banned in 1959.^[12][13]
• Mac Maharaj: Banned on release from prison in 1976; went into exile in 1977.^[14]
• Trevor Manuel: Banned 1985 to 1986, banned again 1988.
• Joe Matthews: Banned in 1953; went into exile in 1960^[15].
• Cedric Mayson:^[6] Banned 17 October 1977 for five years.
• Fatima Meer: Banned in 1952.
• Florence Mkhize: Banned in 1952.
• Mary Moodley: Banned in 1963.^[16]
• Shulamith Muller: Banned in 1962; went into exile in 1962 (died in exile in 1978).^[17]
• Beyers Naudé: Banned 1977 to 1984.
• Sister Bernard Ncube: Banned from Kagiso in 1987.^[18]
• Rita Ndzanga: Banned in 1964.^[19]
• J. B. Marks: Banned 1950 to 1972 (died in exile).
• Barney Pityana
• Paul Pretorius:^[7] Banned from 1973.
• Mamphela Ramphele: Banned 1977 to 1984.
• Peter Ralph Randall: Banned 17 October 1977 for five years.
• Robert Resha:^[20] Banned 1961 (died in exile in 1973)^[21].
• Marius Schoon: Banned 1976 to 1990.
• Jeanette Curtis Schoon:^[22][7] Banned 1975(?) to 1984 (killed in exile by police letter bomb).
• Dulcie September: Banned 1969 to 1973.
• Annie Silinga
• Walter Sisulu: Banned 1955^[23] to 1990.
• Robert Sobukwe: Banned 1969 to 1978.
• Oliver Tambo: Banned 1959 to 1990.
• Rick Turner: Banned 1973, murdered 1978.
• Donald Woods: Banned 1977 to 1990.

External links

• The full text of Suppression of Communism Act, 1950 at Wikisource

References

Further reading

• Banned persons law