List of mnemonics


This article contains lists of mnemonics used to remember various objects, lists etc.

Astronomy

Most Vegetables Eat More Juice So Usually Never Pee[1]
obsolete (per the IAU definition of planet):
My Very Educated Mother Just Served Us Nine Potatoes[1]
Many Vicious Elelphants Met Just Slightly Under New Pineapples[1]

Biology

  • To remember the order of taxa in biology (Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species, [Variety]):
    • "Dear King Philip Came Over For Good Soup" is often cited as a non-vulgar method for teaching students to memorize the taxonomic classification system.[2][3] Other variations tend to start with the mythical king, with one author noting "The nonsense about King Philip, or some ribald version of it, has been memorized by generations of biology students".[4]
    • Do Kings Play Chess On Fine Green Silk?[5]:69
    • Dumb Kids Prefer Cheese Over Fried Green Spinach[5]:69
    • Do Kindly Place Cover On Fresh Green Spring Vegetables[5]:69
    • Donald Kills People Cause Other Friends Get Sad
  • To remember the processes that define living things:
    • MRS GREN: Movement; Respiration; Sensation; Growth; Reproduction; Excretion; Nutrition[5]:135[6]
  • To remember the number of humps on types of camels:[5]:67[7]

Engineering

  • For the EIA electronic color code, Black(0), Brown(1), Red(2), Orange(3), Yellow(4), Green(5), Blue(6), Violet(7), Gray(8), White(9), Gold(5%), Silver(10%), None(20%)
Big brown rabbits often yield great big vocal groans when gingerly slapped [8]
Bad boys run our young girls behind victory garden walls[9]
B .B Roy [of] Great Britain [has] Very Good Wife.
  • A mnemonic to remember which way to turn common (right-hand thread) screws and nuts, including light bulbs, is "Righty-tighty, Lefty-loosey"; another is "Right on, Left off".[5]:165

Geology

  • Geological periods: Precambrian, Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous, Permian, Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous, Paleocene, Eocene, Oligocene, Miocene, Pliocene, Pleistocene, Recent (Holocene)
  • Pregnant Camels Often Sit Down Carefully, Perhaps Their Joints Creak? Possibly Early Oiling Might Prevent Permanent Rheumatism[5]:62–63
  • Paleozoic to Cenozoic: Pregnant Camels Ordinarily Sit Down Carefully, Perhaps Their Joints Creak[10]
For Talc(=1) Gypsum(=2) Calcite(=3) Fluorite(=4) Apatite(=5) Orthoclase(=6) Quartz(=7) Topaz(=8) Corundum(=9) Diamond(=10)
  • Tall Girls Can Fight And Other Queer Things Can Develop[5]:64
  • TAll GYroscopes CAn FLy APart ORbiting QUickly TO COmplete DIsintegration[5]:64
  • Toronto Girls Can Flirt And Only Quit To Chase Dwarves
  • Terrible Giants Can Find Alligators Or Quaint Trolls Conveniently Digestible
  • Differentiating stalactites from stalagmites.[12]
    • The 'mites go up and the 'tites come down. When one has ants in one's pants, the mites go up and the tights come down.[5]:66 (In a strict scientific sense, a mite is not an ant, although "mite" in common speech can refer to any small creature.)
    • Stalactites hang tight, hang down like tights on a line; stalagmites might bite (if you sit on them), might reach the roof.[5]:66
    • Tights hang from the Ceiling, and Mites crawling around on the Ground
    • You need might to do push-ups (from the floor). You must hold tight doing chin-ups (off the ceiling).
    • Stalactites are on the ceiling. Stalagmites are on the ground.[5]:66
    • Stalactites cling tight to the ceiling; stalagmites might reach the ceiling.

History

  • Wives of Henry VIII manner of death: Divorced, beheaded, died / Divorced, beheaded, survived.[5]:104
  • Wives of Henry VIII names: Aragon, Boleyn, Seymour, Cleves, Howard, Parr
  • All Boys Should Come Home Please[5]:103

Languages

Grammar

  • Adjective order in English: OSASCOMP (Opinion, Size, Age, Shape, Color, Origin, Material, Purpose)[13]
  • The verbs in French that use the auxiliary verb être can be memorized using the phrase "Dr. (and) Mrs. Vandertramp":
devenir, revenir, monter, rester, sortir, venir, aller, naître, descendre, entrer, rentrer, tomber, retourner, arriver, mourir, partir[14]

Mathematics

Quadratic equation

The articulation of the quadratic equation can be sung to the tune of various songs as a mnemonic device.[15]

Mathematical operations

For helping students in remembering the rules in adding and multiplying two signed numbers, Balbuena and Buayan (2015) made the letter strategies LAUS (like signs, add; unlike signs, subtract) and LPUN (like signs, positive; unlike signs, negative), respectively.[16]
Order of Operations
PEMDAS
Please - Parenthesis
Excuse - Exponents
My - Multiplication
Dear - Division
Aunt - Addition
Sally - Subtraction

PEMDAS
Pineapples - Parenthesis
Eat - Exponents
Mangoes - Multiplication
During - Division
Autumn - Addition
Season - Subtraction

Medicine

  • To remember the 10 organ systems of the human body:[17]
    • NICER DRUMS (Nervous, Integumentary, Circulatory, Endocrine, Respiratory, Digestive, Reproductive, Urinary, Muscular, Skeletal)
  • Intrinsic muscles of hand[18]

'A OF A OF A'

Thenar (lateral to medial-palmar surface):

Abductor pollicis brevis
    Opponens pollicis
    Flexor pollicis brevis
    Adductor pollicis

Hypothenar (lateral to medial-palmar surface):

Opponens digiti minimi
    Flexor digiti minimi
    Abductor digiti minimi
Some Lovers Try Positions That They Can't Handle
She Looks Too Pretty Try To Catch Her
So Long To Pinky, Here Comes The Thumb
Simply Learn The Positions That The Carpus Has
Send Louis To Paris To Tame Carnal Hungers
Stop Letting Those People Touch The Cadaver's Hands
  • Differential Diagnosis
VINDICATE
List of mnemonics for the cranial nerves, their respective type and foramen
NERVE:Olfactory nerveOptic nerveOculomotor nervePathic (Trochlear) nerveTrigeminal (dentist) nerveAbducens nerveFacial nerveVestibulo-cochlear (Auditory) nerveGlosso-pharyngeal nerveVagus nerveSpinal Accessory nerveHypoglossal nerve
OphthalmicMaxillaryMandibular
Mnemonic:
(for nerve)[19]		 OLdOPenOCeansTROubleTRIbesmenABoutFishVEnomGivingVAriousACute / SPlittingHeadaches
TYPE:SensorySensoryMotorMotorBoth (sensory + motor)MotorBothSensoryBothBothMotorMotor
Mnemonic:
(for type)[20]		 SomeSayMoneyMatters,ButMyBrotherSaysBigBrainsMatterMore
FORAMINA:Cribriform plateOptic canalSuperior Orbital FissureSuperior Orbital FissureSuperior Orbital FissureForamen RotundumForamen OvaleSuperior Orbital FissureInternal Acoustic MeatusInternal Acoustic MeatusJugular ForamenJugular ForamenJugular ForamenHypoglossal Canal
Mnemonics:
(for foramina)		 CleanersOnlySpraySmellyStuffRightOnSmellyIdiotsInJumbledJunkyardsJuggledHigh
CarlOnlySwimsSouth.SillyRogerOnlySwimsInInfinitiJacuzzis.JaneJustHitchhikes.

Music

Guitar

  • Mnemonics are also used in remembering guitar string names in standard tuning.[21]
  • Every Average Dude Gets Better Eventually
  • Eggs Are Deliciously Good Breakfast Energy
  • Eddy Ate Dynamite Good Bye Eddy
  • Every Adult Dog Growls Barks Eats.
  • Every Acid Dealer Gets Busted Eventually
  • Even After Dinner Giant Boys Eat
  • Elephants And Donkeys Grow Big Ears
  • Every American Dog Gets Bones Easily
  • Every Angel Does Good Before Evil
  • Eat All Day Get Big Easy
  • Eine Alte Dame Geht Bei Einkaufen

Thus we get the names of the strings from 6th string to the 1st string in that order.

Conversely, a mnemonic listing the strings in the reverse order is:

  • Every Beginning Guitarist Does All Exercises!
  • Elvis' Big Great Dane Ate Everything
  • Every Big Girl Deserves An Elephant
  • Easter Bunny Gets Drunk At Easter

Ukulele

As for guitar tuning, there is also a mnemonic for ukuleles.

  • Good Cooks Eat A-lot
  • In the other direction it is Aunt Evy Cooks Grits

Reading music

  • Musicians can remember the notes associated with the five lines of the treble clef using any of the following mnemonics, EGBDF: (from the bottom line to the top)
  • Every Good Boy Does Fine.[22]
  • Every Good Boy Deserves Fudge (or Footie, Friendship, Fun, Fruit, etc.)
  • Every Green Bogey Deserves Flicking
  • Empty Garbage Before Dad Flips
  • Ernie Gave Bert Dead Fish
  • Every Good Bird Does Fly
  • Elvis's Guitar Broke Down Friday
  • The four spaces of the treble clef spell out (from the bottom to the top) FACE
  • The five lines of the bass clef from the bottom to the top
  • Good Boys Do Fine Always
  • Grizzly Bears Don't Fly Airplanes
  • Great Basses Dig Fine Altos
  • Goblins Bring Death For All
  • The four spaces of the bass clef from the bottom to the top
  • All Cows Eat Grass
  • All Cars Eat Gas
  • The five lines of the alto clef from the bottom to the top
  • Fat Alley Cat Eats Garbage
  • The four spaces of the alto clef from the bottom to the top
  • Green Birds Do Fly

Key signatures of C♯ major or A♯ minor (left) and C♭ major or A♭ minor (right)
  • The order of sharps in key signature notation is F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯, B♯, which can be remembered using the phrase
  • Father Christmas Gave Dad An Electric Blanket.[23]
  • Fat Cats Go Down Alleys Eating Birds.
  • Fidel Castro Gets Drunk And Eats Babies.
  • Fat Cats Greedy Dogs All Eat Bananas.
  • Father Charles Goes Down And Ends Battle.
  • The order of flats is B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭, and F♭ (reverse order of sharps), which can be remembered using the phrase:
  • Blanket Exploded And Dad Got Cold Feet.[23]
  • Before Eating A Doughnut Get Coffee First.
  • Battle Ends And Down Goes Charles Father.

Philosophy

  • THE LAD ZAPPA is a mnemonic for the first 11 (and most important) Ionian philosophers: Thales, Heraclitus, Empedocles, Leucippus, Anaximander, Democritus, Zeno, Anaximenes, Protagoras, Parmenides, Anaxagoras .
  • THE PLAZA PAD is another mnemonic for the first 11 (and most important) Ionian philosophers: Thales, Heraclitus, Empedocles, Protagoras, Leucippus, Anaximander, Zeno, Anaximenes, Parmenides, Anaxagoras, Democritus.

Physics

  • Sequence of colors in a rainbow or visible spectrum (red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet):
"Richard Of York Gave Battle In Vain"
"Riding On Your Granny's Bike Is Vile"
Roy G. Biv is also used as a fictitious name
  • Microwave frequency bands
Mnemonic for microwave frequency bands in the increasing wavelengths (decreasing frequencies), which are Ku band, X band, C band, S band, L band, respectively is given by, King Xerxes Can Seduce Lovely princesses"[24]

Spelling

Characteristic sequence of letters

  • I always comes before E (but after C, E comes before I)[25][26]

In most words like friend, field, piece, pierce, mischief, thief, tier, it is "i" which comes before "e". But on some words with c just before the pair of e and i, like receive, perceive, "e" comes before "i". This can be remembered by the following mnemonic,

I before E, except after C

But this is not always obeyed as in case of weird and weigh, weight, height, neighbor etc. and can be remembered by extending that mnemonic as given below

I before E, except after C
Or when sounded "A" as in neighbor, weigh and weight
Or when sounded like "eye" as in height
And "weird" is just weird

Another variant, which avoids confusion when the two letters represent different sounds instead of a single sound, as in atheist or being, runs

When it says ee
Put i before e
But not after c
  • Where ever there is a Q there is a U too

Most frequently u follows q. e.g.: Que, queen, question, quack, quark, quartz, quarry, quit, Pique, torque, macaque, exchequer. Hence the mnemonic:

Where ever there is a Q there is a U too[26] (But this is violated by some words; see:List of English words containing Q not followed by U)

Letters of specific syllables in a word

  • BELIEVE
Do not believe a lie.[26]
  • SECRETARY
A secretary must keep a secret[26]
  • TEACHER
There is an ache in every teacher.[26]
  • MEASUREMENT
Be sure of your measurements before you start work.[26]
  • FRIEND
Fri the end of your friend[26]
  • SPECIAL
The CIA have special agents[26]
  • BEAUTIFUL
Big Elephants Are Ugly[27]
  • SEPARATE
Always smell a rat when you spell separate[26]
There was a farmer named Sep and one day his wife saw a rat. She yelled, “Sep! A rat – E!!!”[28]
  • CEMETERY
There are three "e"s buried in "cemetery".

Distinguishing between similar words

  • Difference between Advice & Advise, Practice & Practise, Licence & License etc.

Advice, Practice, Licence etc. (those with c) are nouns and Advise, Practise, License etc. are verbs.

One way of remembering this is that the word ‘noun’ comes before the word ‘verb’ in the dictionary; likewise ‘c’ comes before ‘s’, so the nouns are ‘practice, licence, advice’ and the verbs are ‘practise, license, advise’.[29]
  • Here or Hear
We hear with our ear.
  • Complement and Compliment
complement adds something to make it enough
compliment puts you in the limelight[26]
  • Principle and Principal
Your principal is your pal
A rule can be called a principle[28]
  • Remedial and Menial
Remedial work is meant to remedy.
Menial work is boring but it's mean (-ial) to complain.
  • Their, There and They're
Theirs is not mine even though 'I' is in it.
There is where we'll be.
They're is a contraction of 'they are.'
  • Stationary and stationery
Stationery contains er and so does paper; stationary (not moving) contains ar and so does car[26]
A for "at rest", e for envelope

First letter mnemonics of spelling

  • DIARRH(O)EA
Dashing In A Rush, Running Harder (or) Else Accident!
Dining In A Rough Restaurant: Hurry, (otherwise)Expect Accidents!
Diarrhea Is A Really Runny Heap (of) Endless Amounts[27]
  • ARITHMETIC
A Rat In The House May Eat The Ice Cream[30]
A Red Indian Thought He Might Eat Tulips In Class
  • NECESSARY
Not Every Cat Eats Sardines (Some Are Really Yummy)[30]
Never Eat Crisps, Eat Salad Sandwiches, And Remain Young![28]
  • BECAUSE
Big Elephants Can Always Understand Small Elephants
Big Elephants Cause Accidents Under Small Elephants
Big Elephants Can't Always Use Small Exits
Big Elephants Can’t Always Use Small Entrances[30]
Because e Cannot Always (get) Under Smaller es
  • MNEMONICS
Mnemonics Now Erase Man's Oldest Nemesis, Insufficient Cerebral Storage[28]
  • GEOGRAPHY
George's Elderly Old Grandfather Rode A Pig Home Yesterday.[28]
  • TOMORROW
Trails Of My Old Red Rose Over Window[27]
  • RHYTHM
Rhythm Helps Your Two Hips Move[30]

Transportation

  • "Red, Right, Return" reminds the skipper entering ("returning to") an IALA region B port to keep red markers to the starboard of the vessel. Conversely the opposite convention exists in IALA region A ports, where a similar (but significantly different) mnemonic of "Red on the Right Returning To Sea" can be used.
  • The phrase "there's always some red port (wine) left" is used to remember the basics in seafaring. "Red" refers to the color of navigation lights on the port (left) side of a vessel (as opposed to green on the starboard side).[31]
  • "Nuclear Restrictions Constrain Fishing and Sailing, People Say" is used to encode the "order of priority" for which vessels have right of way (earlier in the list has priority over later): Not under command; Restricted; Constrained by draft; Fishing vessel; Sailboat; Powerboat; Seaplane.[31]

  • Aviation[33] uses many mnemonics in addition to written checklists. See also Category: Aviation mnemonics
  • pre-landing: GUMPS - Gas, Undercarriage, Mixture, Propeller, Speed.
  • pre-final: MARTHA - Missed (procedure), Altitude (limit), Radios (set), Time (limit), Heading (final), Airspeed (descent)
  • pre-high-altitude - FLOWER - Flow (enabled), Lights (test), Oxygen (charged), Water (humidity), Electricity (on), Radio (check)
  • pre-flight-paperwork - ARROW - Airworthiness (certificate), Registration, Required (charts), Operating (checklists), Weight and balance
  • night collision avoidance: Red, Right, Returning - Red nav light on Right implies target is Returning (closing)
  • radio loss Instrument course - CDEF - as Cleared, else Direct to last fix, else as directed to Expect, else as flight plan Filed
  • spin recovery - POKER - Power (off), Opposite (full rudder), Klean (flaps, ...), Elevator (briskly forward), Recover (from dive)

Units of measure

  • Metric System - common SI Prefixes: kilo-, hecto-, deca-, deci-, centi-, milli-, in descending order of magnitude.
  • King Henry Died Drinking Chocolate Milk[34]
  • Metric System - other common SI Prefixes: tera-, giga-, mega-, kilo-, centi-, milli-, micro-, nano-, pico-
    • Tony goes mental, kills children, meets many nasty policemen
  • Metric System - large SI Prefixes: exa-, peta-, tera-, giga-, mega- kilo-, hecto-, deca-
  • Every person that gave me kisses has diarrhea
  • Metric System - small SI Prefixes: deci-, centi-, milli-, micro-, nano-, pico-, femto-, atto-
  • Dairy cows make milk, not pink fruit, asshole.
  • Metric Conversion - common SI Prefixes: kilo-, hecto-, deca-, meters/liters/grams (units of distance, volume or weight?), deci-, centi-, milli-, in descending order of magnitude.
  • King Henry Died Many Deaths Counting Money
  • United States customary units: No. of feet in mile
  • Five Tomatoes: Sounds like Five Two Eight Ohs = 5280 ft in a mile

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 Brown, Micheal. How I killed Pluto and Why it Had it Coming.
  2. ↑ E.D. Hirsch, Jr., The Dictionary of Cultural Literacy (Houghton Mifflin, 1993); E.D. Hirsch, Jr., "What Your Fifth Grader Needs to Know: Fundamentals of a Good Fifth-grade Education" (Doubleday, 2005) p308
  3. ↑ Scott Hagwood, Memory Power: You Can Develop a Great Memory--America's Grand Master Shows You How (Simon & Schuster, 2007)
  4. ↑ Robert A. Wallace, et al., Biology, the Science of Life (Scott, Foresman, 1986) p398
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Parkinson, Judy (2008). I before E (except after C) : old-school ways to remember stuff. Pleasantville, N.Y.: Reader's Digest Association. ISBN 978-07621-0917-3.
  6. ↑ "Life processes - MRS GREN". KS3 Bitesize. BBC. Retrieved 20 November 2012.
  7. ↑ Psychology: Concepts and Connections, Spencer Rathus
  8. ↑ ^ Jack G. Ganssle, Tammy Noergaard, Fred Eady, Lewin Edwards, David J. Katz, Rick Gentile, Ken Arnold, Kamal Hyder, and Bob Perrin (2008). Embedded Hardware: Know It All. Newnes. p. 17. ISBN 978-0-7506-8584-9. https://books.google.com/books?id=HLpTtLjEXqcC&pg=PA17&dq=resistor+color-code+mnemonic+%22big+brown%22&lr=&as_brr=3&as_pt=ALLTYPES&ei=tzaiSZigOZvgkASsy6GNAg
  9. ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=ApXSoagqrxcC&pg=PA297&dq=resistor+color-code+mnemonic+"big+brown"&lr=&as_brr=3&as_pt=ALLTYPES&ei=tzaiSZigOZvgkASsy6GNAg
  10. ↑ Mnemonic: Eras of Life
  11. ↑ Mnemonic: Mineral Hardness
  12. ↑ Mnemonic: Stalactites and Stalagmites
  13. ↑ Mnemonics in English Language Teaching
  14. ↑ Être Verbs - Mnemonic Devices
  15. ↑ "Quadratic formula song". Retrieved 22 April 2015.
  16. ↑ http://apjeas.apjmr.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/APJEAS-2.3-Revised-Mnemonics-and-Gaming1.pdf
  17. ↑ LBCC - Memory Tricks, Scott Brueckner
  18. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2011-07-13. Retrieved 2009-12-19. Mnemonic- Intrinsic muscles of hand
  19. ↑ Textbook of Basic Nursing by Caroline Bunker Rosdahl and Mary T. Kowalski (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2007) p194; Medical Terminology for Dummies by Beverley Henderson and Jennifer Dorsey (For Dummies, 2008) p327
  20. ↑ Caroline Bunker Rosdahl and Mary T. Kowalski, Textbook of Basic Nursing (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2007) p194
  21. ↑ Welcome englishguitarschool.com - Justhost.com Archived 2012-04-02 at the Wayback Machine.
  22. ↑ Every Good Boy Does Fine - What does EGBDF stand for?
  23. 1 2 Schonbrun, Marc (2005). The Everything Music Theory Book, p.68. ISBN 1-59337-652-9.
  24. ↑ chemistrydaily.com - chemistrydaily Resources and Information
  25. ↑ "Great Mnemonics". Fun-with-words.com. Retrieved 29 Aug 2011.
  26. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 http://www.kidsandlearning.com/mnemonics.html
  27. 1 2 3 http://www.skillsworkshop.org/sites/skillsworkshop.org/files/resources/word/e1l2mnemonic.pdf
  28. 1 2 3 4 5 http://www.audiblox2000.com/spelling-mnemonics.htm
  29. ↑ Is it practise or practice? - Future Perfect
  30. 1 2 3 4 Mnemonics > Useful mnemonics
  31. 1 2 3 Kuenning, Geoff. "Definitions and Mnemonics for Sailors and Powerboaters". Retrieved 20 March 2013.
  32. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2011-09-02. Retrieved 2011-09-06. in the section "The coming in going out rule"
  33. ↑ Useful Aviation Mnemonics (published by Dauntless Software, Inc.)
  34. ↑ Schaeffer, Randy S. (April 16, 2007). "Math Mnemonics". Faculty pages for R.S. Schaeffer. Kutztown PA: Kutztown University. Retrieved November 26, 2011.

Further reading

  • Evans, Rod L. (2007). Every good boy deserves fudge : the book of mnemonic devices (1st ed.). New York, N.Y.: Perigee. ISBN 978-0-399-53351-8.
  • Parkinson, Judy (2008). I before E (except after C) : old-school ways to remember stuff. Pleasantville, N.Y.: Reader's Digest Association. ISBN 978-0-7621-0917-3.
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