List of left and far-left parties in Europe

This is a list of European political parties that have been classified as left-wing or far-left in the political spectrum. The categorisation of some parties may vary in different sources.

CountryPartyLeftRadical leftFar-leftExtreme leftIdeology
CroatiaWorkers' Front (RF)Lefteast[1]Democratic socialism,[1] Direct democracy,[1]
Anti-capitalism,[1] Euroscepticism,[1]
Neo-Marxism[1]
CyprusProgressive Party of Working People (AKEL)March[2]Reform communism[2]
Czech RepublicCommunist Party of Bohemia and Moravia (KSČM)March[2]Mareš[3]Reform communism[2]
DenmarkSocialist People's Party (SF)Backes/Moreau[4]
Dunphy[5]		March[2]Hloušek/Kopeček[6]Democratic socialism,[2] Red Green,[4]
leftist postmaterialism[6]
DenmarkRed-Green Alliance (EL)March[2]Democratic socialism,[2] Eco-socialism,
Anti-capitalism, Euroscepticism,
EstoniaEstonian United Left Party (EÜVP)March[2]Democratic socialism,[2]
Red Green[4]
FinlandLeft Alliance (Finland) (VAS)Backes/Moreau[4]
Dunphy[7]		March[2]Democratic socialism,[2]
Red Green[4]
FranceFrench Communist Party (PCF)Dunphy[8]March[2]Hloušek/Kopeček[9]Reform communism[2][9]
FranceNew Anticapitalist Party (NPA)March[2]Populist socialism[2]
FranceWorkers' Struggle (LO)Dunphy[10]Courtois/Andolfatto[11]Trotskyism
FranceRevolutionary Communist League (LCR), defunctDunphy[10]Courtois/Andolfatto[11]Trotskyism
GermanyThe LeftMarch[2]Hloušek/Kopeček[12]Populist socialism[2]
GreeceCommunist Party of Greece (KKE)Dunphy[13]March/Mudde[14]Hloušek/Kopeček[15]March[2]Traditionalist[15]/
conservative communism[2]
GreeceSynaspismósBackes/Moreau[4]
Dunphy[13]		March[2]Hloušek/Kopeček[6]Democratic socialism,[2] Red Green,[4]
leftist postmaterialism[6]
IcelandLeft-Green Movement (VG)Backes/Moreau[4]March[2]Democratic socialism,[2]
Red Green[4]
IrelandSinn FéinMarch[2]Populist socialism,[2] Irish republicanism
Ireland People Before Profit Alliance (PBP) Socialism, Trotskyism, Euroscepticism
Ireland Solidarity (Ireland) (PBP) Socialism, Eco-socialism, Feminism, Left-wing populism
ItalyParty of Communist Refoundation (PRC)Dunphy[16]March[2]Hloušek/Kopeček[9]Reform communism[2][9]
ItalyParty of Italian Communists (PdCI)Dunphy[16]March[2]Reform communism[2]
ItalyItalian Communist Party (PCI), defunctDunphy[16]
ItalyProletarian Democracy (DP), defunctDunphy[17]
LatviaSocialist Party of Latvia (LSP)March[2]Conservative communism[2]
NetherlandsSocialist Party (Netherlands) (SP)March[2]
Voerman[18]		Hloušek/Kopeček[9]Populist socialism[2]/
social populism[9]
NetherlandsGreenLeft (GL)Backes/Moreau[4]Hloušek/Kopeček[6]Red Green,[4]
leftist postmaterialism[6]
NorwaySocialist Left Party (SV)Backes/Moreau[4]March[2]Hloušek/Kopeček[6]Democratic socialism,[2] Red Green[4]
leftist postmaterialism[6]
PortugalLeft Bloc (BE)March[2]Cunha[19]Democratic socialism[2]
PortugalPortuguese Communist Party (PCP)Dunphy[20]Hloušek/Kopeček[15]March[2]Orthodox[19]/traditionalist[15]/
conservative communism[2]
ScotlandScottish Socialist Party (SSP)March[2]Hloušek/Kopeček[9]Populist socialism[2]/
social populism[9]
SerbiaNova komunistička partija Jugoslavije (NKPJ)
SlovakiaCommunist Party of Slovakia (KSS)March[2]Conservative communism[2]
SlovakiaAssociation of Slovak Workers (ZRS)March[2]Mareš[21]/
Hloušek/Kopeček[22]		Social populism[2]
SpainCommunist Party of Spain (PCE)Dunphy[23]March[2]Reform communism[2]
SwedenLeft Party (Sweden) (V)Backes/Moreau[4]
Dunphy[24]		March[2]Democratic socialism,[2]
Red Green[4]
UkraineCommunist Party of Ukraine (CPU)Polese[25]Communism, Marxism-Leninism[26]
MacedoniaSocialist party of Macedonia(SPC)

Literature

  • Backes, Uwe; Moreau, Patrick (2008). Communist and Post-Communist Parties in Europe. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
  • Daiber, Birgit; Hildebrandt, Cornelia; Striethorst, Anna (Eds.) (2012). From Revolution to Coalition – Radical Left Parties in Europe (PDF). Berlin: Rosa-Luxemburg-Foundation.
  • Dunphy, Richard (2004). Contesting capitalism? Left parties and European integration. Manchester University Press.
  • Hloušek, Vít; Kopeček, Lubomír (2010). Origin, Ideology and Transformation of Political Parties: East-Central and Western Europe Compared. Farnham, Surrey and Burlington, VT: Ashgate.
  • March, Luke (2008). Contemporary Far Left Parties in Europe (PDF). Berlin: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung. ISBN 978-3-86872-000-6.
  • March, Luke; Mudde, Cas (2005). "What's Left of the Radical Left? The European Radical Left After 1989: Decline and Mutation". Comparative European Politics. Palgrave Macmillan (3): 23–49.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Vidov, Petar. "December 10, 2014 The formation of the Workers' Front (Croatia): "Revolution, if necessary"". Lefteast. Index.hr. Retrieved 5 July 2018.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 March, 2008, p. 4
  3. ↑ Mareš, Miroslav (2008), "Communist and Post-Communist Parties in the Czech Republic and Slovakia", Communist and Post-Communist Parties in Europe, p. 305
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Backes/Moreau, 2008, p.571
  5. ↑ Dunphy, 2004, p. 131
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Hloušek/Kopeček, 2010, p. 46
  7. ↑ Dunphy, 2004, p. 139
  8. ↑ Dunphy, 2004, p. 91
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Hloušek/Kopeček, 2010, p. 47
  10. 1 2 Dunphy, 2004, p. 102
  11. 1 2 Courtois, Stéphane; Andolfatto, Dominique (2008), "France — The Collapse of the House of Communism", Communist and Post-Communist Parties in Europe, pp. 115, 130
  12. ↑ Hloušek/Kopeček, 2010, p. 72
  13. 1 2 Dunphy, 2004, p. 103
  14. ↑ March/Mudde, 2005, p. 42
  15. 1 2 3 4 Hloušek/Kopeček, 2010, pp. 46–47
  16. 1 2 3 Dunphy, 2004, p. 72
  17. ↑ Dunphy, 2004, p. 88
  18. ↑ Voerman, Gerrit (2008), "The Disappearance of Communism in the Netherlands", Communist and Post-Communist Parties in Europe, p. 16
  19. 1 2 Cunha, Carlos (2008), "Few but Pure and Good Members are Preferred to a Mass Party — The Portuguese Communist Party's Continued Orthodoxy", Communist and Post-Communist Parties in Europe, p. 197
  20. ↑ Dunphy, 2004, p. 113
  21. ↑ Mareš, Miroslav (2008), "Communist and Post-Communist Parties in the Czech Republic and Slovakia", Communist and Post-Communist Parties in Europe, p. 309
  22. ↑ Hloušek/Kopeček, 2010, p. 32
  23. ↑ Dunphy, 2004, p. 121
  24. ↑ Dunphy, 2004, p. 148
  25. ↑ Polese, Abel (2008), "Ukraine 1991–2006 — Where Have All the Communists Gone?", Communist and Post-Communist Parties in Europe, p. 16
  26. ↑ Nordsieck, Wolfram, "Ukraine", Parties and Elections in Europe, retrieved 13 January 2014
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