List of extraterrestrial orbiters
List of extraterrestrial orbiters is a listing of spacecraft that achieved an extraterrestrial orbit.
Sun
First artificial object on heliocentric orbit was Luna 1 (1959).
Mercury
| Mission | Country/Agency | Orbital insertion | Current Status | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MESSENGER |  |
18 March 2011 | Deliberately crashed into surface 30 April 2015. Impact probably around 54.4° N, 149.9° W, near the crater Janáček. | First Mercury orbiter |
Venus
| Mission | Country/Agency | Orbital insertion | Current Status | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Venera 9 |  |
22 October 1975 | First Venus orbiter | |
| Venera 10 | |
23 October 1975 | ||
| Pioneer Venus Orbiter | |
4 December 1978 | Contact lost 8 October 1992; atmospheric entry disintegration on 22 October 1992. | |
| Venera 15 | |
10 October 1983 | Contact lost July 1984 | |
| Venera 16 | |
11 October 1983 | Contact lost July 1984 | |
| Magellan | |
7 August 1990 | Deliberately deorbited into Venus' atmosphere. Contact lost 13 October 1994. | |
| Venus Express |  |
11 April 2006 | Mission ended December 2014 | |
| Akatsuki |  |
7 December 2015 | Active | |
Moon
The Apollo 17 CSM seen in lunar orbit from the ascent stage of the Lunar Module
| Mission | Country/Agency | Orbital insertion | Current status | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Luna 10[1] | |
3 April 1966 | Contact lost 30 May 1966 | First moon orbiter |
| Lunar Orbiter 1 | |
14 August 1966 | Impacted lunar surface 29 October 1966 | First U.S. extraterrestrial orbiter |
| Luna 11[2] | |
27 August 1966 | 1 October 1966 | |
| Luna 12 | |
25 October 1966 | 19 January 1967 | |
| Lunar Orbiter 2 | |
Launched 6 November 1966 | Impacted lunar surface 11 October 1967 | |
| Lunar Orbiter 3 | |
8 February 1967 | Impacted lunar surface 9 October 1967 | |
| Lunar Orbiter 4 | |
Launched 4 May 1967 | Contact lost 17 July 1967, impacted lunar surface 6 October 1967 | |
| Explorer 35 | |
Launched 19 July 1967 | Deactivated 24 June 1973; impacted lunar surface in the middle to late 1970s | |
| Lunar Orbiter 5 | |
5 August 1967 | Deorbited; impacted lunar surface 31 January 1968 | |
| Luna 14 | |
10 April 1968 | ||
| Luna 19 | |
2 October 1971 | Mission terminated 20 October 1972 | |
| Explorer 49 | |
Launched 10 June 1973 | Contact lost August 1977 | |
| Luna 22 | |
2 June 1974 | Mission terminated November 1975 | |
| Apollo 8 | |
Launched 21 December 1968; entered orbit after 69 hrs | Left orbit after 10 orbits; splashdown on Earth | First manned lunar orbit |
| Apollo 10 | |
Launched 18 May 1969 | Left orbit 26 May 1969 | |
| Apollo 11 | | July 19, 1969 | July 21, 1969; Lunar module ascent stage abandoned in orbit, impact site unknown | Human Moon landing |
| Apollo 12 | | November 18, 1969 | November 21, 1969 | Human Moon landing |
| Apollo 14 | | February 4, 1971 | February 7, 1971 | Human Moon landing |
| Apollo 15 | | July 29, 1971 | August 4, 1971 | Human Moon landing |
| Apollo 15 subsatellite (PFS-1) | | August 4, 1971 | January 1973 | |
| Apollo 16 | | April 19, 1972 | April 25, 1972; Lunar module ascent stage abandoned in orbit, impact site unknown | Human Moon landing |
| Apollo 16 subsatellite (PFS-2) | | April 24, 1972 | May 29, 1972 | |
| Apollo 17 | | December 11, 1972 | December 14, 1972 | Human Moon landing |
| Hiten and Hagoromo | |
Hiten: 15 February 1993 | Hiten was deliberately deorbited and impacted the lunar surface 10 April 1993 | First Japanese lunar orbiter |
| Clementine | |
Launched 25 January 1994 | Left lunar orbit and entered heliocentric orbit; contact lost June 1994 | |
| Lunar Prospector | |
Launched 7 January 1998 | Deliberately deorbited; impacted lunar surface 31 July 1999 | |
| SMART-1 | |
11 November 2004 | Deliberately deorbited; impacted lunar surface 3 September 2006 | |
| SELENE (Kaguya, Okina & Ouna) | |
3 October 2007 | Deliberately deorbited; impacted lunar surface 10 June 2009 | |
| Chang'e 1 |  |
5 November 2007 | Deliberately deorbited 1 March 2009; impacted the Moon's surface. | First Chinese lunar orbiter |
| Chang'e 2 | |
6 October 2010 | Left lunar orbit 8 June 2011; currently in deep-space orbit | |
| Chandrayaan-1 |  |
8 November 2008 | Contact lost 29 August 2009 | First Indian lunar orbiter |
| Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter[3] | |
23 June 2009 | Active | |
| ARTEMIS P1 | |
2 July 2011 | Active | |
| ARTEMIS P2[4] | |
17 July 2011 | Active | |
| Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) | |
31 December 2011 / 1 January 2012 | Both spacecraft were deliberately deorbited and impacted on the lunar surface 17 December 2012 | |
| LADEE | |
6 October 2013 | Deliberately deorbited 18 April 2014 | |
| Chang'e 3 | |
6 December 2013 | Landed on lunar surface 14 December 2013 | First Chinese lunar landing |
| Chang'e 5-T1 | |
13 January 2015 | Active |
Mars
| Mission | Country/Agency | Orbital insertion | Current Status | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mariner 9 | |
14 November 1971 | Deactivated 27 October 1972. In derelict orbit around Mars, expected to decay no sooner than 2022.[5] | First spacecraft to orbit another planet |
| Mars 2 orbiter | |
27 November 1971 [6] | Mission terminated 22 August 1972; spacecraft in derelict orbit | First Soviet spacecraft to orbit Mars |
| Mars 3 orbiter | |
2 December 1971[6] | ||
| Mars 5 orbiter[7] | |
12 February 1974 | ||
| Viking 1 orbiter | |
19 June 1976 | Mission terminated 17 August 1980, spacecraft in derelict high altitude orbit. | |
| Viking 2 orbiter | |
7 August 1976 | Mission terminated 25 July 1978, spacecraft in derelict high altitude orbit. | |
| Phobos 2[8] | |
29 January 1989 | Contact lost 27 March 1989 | |
| Mars Global Surveyor | |
11 September 1997 | Contact lost 2 November 2006; mission officially ended January 2007 | |
| 2001 Mars Odyssey | |
24 October 2001 | Active | Longest-surviving, continuously active spacecraft in orbit around another planet |
| Mars Express | |
20 December 2003 | Active | |
| Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter | |
10 March 2006 | Active | |
| MAVEN | |
22 September 2014 | Active | |
| Mars Orbiter Mission | |
24 September 2014 | Active | India's first interplanetary mission |
| ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter |  |
19 October 2016 | Active | Carried Schiaparelli EDM lander |
Minor planets and comets
| Mission | Country/Agency | Object | Orbital insertion | Current Status | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NEAR Shoemaker | |
433 Eros | 14 February 2000 (Valentine's Day) | Landed 12 February 2001 on the surface of Eros. | First spacecraft to orbit an asteroid |
| Dawn | |
4 Vesta | 16 July 2011 | Left Vesta orbit 5 September 2012 | |
| Dawn | |
Ceres | 9 March 2015 | Active | First spacecraft to achieve orbit around two separate objects and to orbit a dwarf planet. |
| Rosetta | |
67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko | 6 August 2014 | On 30 September 2016, ended its mission by landing on the comet in its Ma'at region. | First spacecraft to orbit a comet. Philae lander module successfully landed on 12 November 2014 |
Jupiter
| Mission | Country/Agency | Orbital insertion | Current Status | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Galileo | |
8 December 1995 | Intentionally deorbited and incinerated in Jupiter's atmosphere 21 September 2003 | First Jupiter orbiter |
| Juno | |
4 July 2016 | Active |
Saturn
| Mission | Country/Agency | Orbital insertion | Current Status | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cassini-Huygens | |
1 July 2004 | Intentionally deorbited and incinerated in Saturn's atmosphere 15 September 2017 | First Saturn orbiter |
References
- ↑ NSSDC - Luna 10
- ↑ NSSDC - Luna 11
- ↑ Where is LRO?
- ↑ Hendrix, Susan. "Second ARTEMIS Spacecraft Successfully Enters Lunar Orbit". The Sun-Earth Connection: Heliophysics. NASA.
- ↑ NASA - This Month in NASA History: Mariner 9 Archived 2013-05-14 at the Wayback Machine., November 29, 2011 — Vol. 4, Issue 9
- 1 2 NASA Mars log
- ↑ Historic Spacecraft - Mars Probes
- ↑ Encyclopedia Astronautica Fobos 1F Archived 2011-10-10 at the Wayback Machine.
See also
This article is issued from
Wikipedia.
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