List of butterflies of India (Pyrginae)
Chestnut angle (Odontoptilum angulatum), a pyrgine skipper found in India.
This is a list of the butterflies of India belonging to the subfamily Pyrginae of the family Hesperiidae and an index to the species articles. The butterflies of this subfamily are commonly referred to as flats because of their habit of holding the wings flat at all times. They are also known as "angles", "elfs" or "grizzled skippers".
This list forms part of the full List of butterflies of India (Hesperiidae) which itself is part of the complete List of butterflies of India.
A total of 69 species belonging to 21 genera are found in India.
Checklist
Capila - dawnflies
Evans (1932) had listed the various species of Capila under a number of different genera:
- Orthopaetus group (dawnflies)
- Lidderdale's dawnfly, Capila lidderdali (Elwes, 1888)[1][2][3]
- Fulvous dawnfly, Capila phanaeus (Hewitson, 1867)[1][2][4]
- Capila group (striped dawnflies)
- Pale striped dawnfly, Capila zennara (Moore, 1865)[1][2][5]
- Striped dawnfly, Capila jayadeva (Moore, 1865)[1][2][6]
- Crossiura group (fringed dawnfly)
- Fringed dawnfly, Capila pennicillatum (de Nicéville, 1893)[1][2][7]
- Calliana group (white dawnfly)
- White dawnfly, Capila pieridoides (Moore, 1878)[1][2] (Calliana pieridoides as per LepIndex[8])
Caprona - angles
Golden angle, wet-season form
- Golden angle, Caprona ransonnetti (Felder, 1868)[9][10][11][12]
- Spotted angle, Caprona agama (Moore, 1857)[9][10]
Carcharodus - mallow skipper
- Mallow skipper, Carcharodus alceae (Esper, 1780)
- Carcharodus dravira (Moore, [1875])
Celaenorrhinus - spotted flats
- Malabar spotted flat, Celaenorrhinus ambareesa (Moore, 1865)[13]
- White-banded flat, Celaenorrhinus asmara (Butler, [1879])[13]
- Large streaked flat, Celaenorrhinus aspersa Leech, 1891[13]
- Dark yellow-banded flat, Celaenorrhinus aurivittata (Moore, [1879])[13]
- Himalayan yellow flat, Celaenorrhinus dhanada (Moore, 1865)[13]
- Velvet flat, Celaenorrhinus ficulnea (Hewitson, 1868)[13]
- Common spotted flat, Celaenorrhinus leucocera (Kollar, 1848)[13]
- Pied flat, Celaenorrhinus morena Evans, 1949[14]
- Small banded flat, Celaenorrhinus nigricans (de Nicéville, 1885)[13]
- Large spotted flat, Celaenorrhinus patula de Nicéville, 1889[13]
- Mussoorie pied flat, Celaenorrhinus pero Leech, 1894[13]
- Multispotted flat, Celaenorrhinus pulomaya (Moore, 1865)[13]
- Common spotted flat, Celaenorrhinus putra (Moore, 1865)
- Double spotted flat, Celaenorrhinus pyrrha de Nicéville, 1889[13]
- Celaenorrhinus ratna Frühstorfer, 1909[13]
- Tamil spotted flat, Celaenorrhinus ruficornis (Mabille, 1878)[13]
- Black flat, Celaenorrhinus spilothyrus (Felder, 1868)[13]
- de Nicéville's spotted flat, Celaenorrhinus sumitra (Moore, 1865)
- Scarce banded flat, Celaenorrhinus badia (Hewitson, 1877)[13]
- Bhutan flat, Celaenorrhinus flavocincta (de Nicéville, 1887)[15]
- Himalayan spotted flat, Celaenorrhinus munda (Moore, 1884)[13]
Chamunda - olive flat
- Olive flat, Chamunda chamunda (Moore, 1865)[16]
Coladenia - pied flats
Tricolur flat
- Brown pied flat, Coladenia agni (de Nicéville, 1883)[17]
- Tricolour pied flat, Coladenia indrani (Moore, 1865)[17]
- Elwes' pied flat, Coladenia agnioides Elwes & Edwards, 1897[17]
Ctenoptilum - tawny angle
Darpa - hairy angle
- Hairy angle, Darpa hanria (Moore, 1865)[19]
- Darpa striata (Druce, 1873)
- Darpa pteria (Hewitson, 1868)[19]
Gerosis - yellow-breast flats
- Common yellow-breast flat, Gerosis bhagava (Moore, [1866])[20]
- Dusky yellow-breast flat, Gerosis phisara (Moore, 1884)[20]
- Chinese yellow-breast flat, Gerosis sinica (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1862)[20]
Gomalia - marbled skipper
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Marbled skipper
- African mallow/marbled skipper, Gomalia elma (Trimen, 1862)[21]
Lobocla - marbled flat
- Marbled flat, Lobocla liliana (Atkinson, 1871)[22]
Mooreana - yellow flat
- Yellow flat, Mooreana trichoneura (M. t. pralaya, (Moore, 1865))[23]
Odina - zigzag flat
Odontoptilum - chestnut angle
- Chestnut/banded angle, Odontoptilum angulatum (Felder, 1862)[25]
Pseudocoladenia
Fulvous pied flat
- Fulvous pied flat, Pseudocoladenia dan (Fabricius, 1787)[26] previously Coladenia dan
- Pseudocoladenia festa (Evans, 1949)[26]
- Pseudocoladenia fatua (Evans, 1949)[26]
Pyrgus - grizzled skippers
- Pyrgus alpinus (Erschoff, 1874)[27]
- Pyrgus cashmirensis Moore, 1874[27]
Sarangesa - small flats
Common small flat
- Common small flat, Sarangesa dasahara (Moore, 1865)[28]
- Spotted small flat, Sarangesa purendra (Moore, 1882)[28]
- Tiny flat, Sarangesa sati de Nicéville, 1891[28]
Satarupa - white flats
- Large white flat, Satarupa gopala (Moore, 1865)[29]
- Satarupa splendens Tytler, 1914[29]
Seseria - white flats
Spialia - grizzled skippers
- Indian grizzled skipper or Indian skipper, Spialia galba (Fabricius, 1793)[31]
- Desert grizzled skipper, Spialia doris (Walker, 1870)[31]
- Zebra grizzled skipper, Spialia zebra (Butler, 1888)[31]
Tagiades - snow flats
Suffused snow flat
- Flat, Tagiades cohaerens Mabille, 1914[32] (T. c. cynthia Evans, 1934)
- Ceylon snow flat, Tagiades distans Moore[32]
- Immaculate/large/suffused snow flat, Tagiades gana (Moore, 1865)[32][33]
- Common snow flat, Tagiades japetus (Stoll, 1781)[32]
- Water snow flat, Tagiades litigiosa (Möschler, 1878)[32]
- Spotted snow flat, Tagiades menaka (Moore, 1865)[32]
- Tagiades parra Frühstorfer, 1910[32]
- Tagiades toba de Nicéville, 1896[32]
Tapena - black angle
Black angle, dry-season form
Black angle, wet-season form
- Black angle, Tapena thwaitesi Moore, 1881[34][35][36]
See also
Cited references
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Markku Savela's website on Lepidoptera Page on genus Capila.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Brower, Andrew V. Z. 2007. Capila Moore 1866. Version 4 March 2007 (under construction). Page on genus Capila in [The Tree of Life Web Project, http://tolweb.org/]
- ↑ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "Capila lidderdali". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved April 21, 2018.
- ↑ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "Capila phanaeus". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved April 21, 2018.
- ↑ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "Capila zennara". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved April 21, 2018.
- ↑ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "Capila jayadeva". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved April 21, 2018.
- ↑ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "Capila pennicillatum". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved April 21, 2018.
- ↑ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "Calliana pieridoides". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved April 21, 2018.
- 1 2 Markku Savela's website on Lepidoptera Page on genus Caprona.
- 1 2 TOL web page on genus Caprona
- ↑ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "Caprona ransonnettii". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved April 21, 2018.
- ↑ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "Caprona agama". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved April 21, 2018.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Markku Savela's website on Lepidoptera Page on genus Celaenorrhinus.
- ↑ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "Celaenorrhinus morena". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved April 21, 2018.
- ↑ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "Celaenorrhinus flavocincta". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved April 21, 2018.
- ↑ Markku Savela's website on Lepidoptera Page on genus Chamunda.
- 1 2 3 Markku Savela's website on Lepidoptera Page on genus Coladenia.
- ↑ Markku Savela's website on Lepidoptera Page on genus Ctenoptilum.
- 1 2 Markku Savela's website on Lepidoptera Page on genus Darpa.
- 1 2 3 Markku Savela's website on Lepidoptera Page on genus Gerosis.
- ↑ Markku Savela's website on Lepidoptera Page on genus Gomalia.
- ↑ Markku Savela's website on Lepidoptera Page on genus Lobocla.
- ↑ Markku Savela's website on Lepidoptera Page on genus Mooreana.
- 1 2 Markku Savela's website on Lepidoptera Page on genus Odina.
- ↑ Markku Savela's website on Lepidoptera Page on genus Odontoptilum.
- 1 2 3 Markku Savela's website on Lepidoptera on genus Pseudocoladenia.
- 1 2 Markku Savela's website on Lepidoptera - page on genus Pyrgus .
- 1 2 3 Markku Savela's website on Lepidoptera Page on genus Sarangesa.
- 1 2 Markku Savela's website on Lepidoptera Page on genus Satarupa.
- 1 2 Markku Savela's website on Lepidoptera Page on genus Seseria.
- 1 2 3 Markku Savela's website on Lepidoptera Page on genus Spialia.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Markku Savela's website on Lepidoptera Page on genus Tagiades.
- ↑ Haribal, 1994:200 Mentions Tagiades parra gala Evans, 1949
- ↑ Markku Savela's website on Lepidoptera. Page on genus Tapena.
- ↑ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "Tapena thwaitesi". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved April 21, 2018.
- ↑ TOL web page on genus Tapena thwaitesi
References
- Evans, W.H. (1932). The Identification of Indian Butterflies (2nd ed.). Mumbai, India: Bombay Natural History Society.
- Gay, Thomas; Kehimkar, Isaac David; Punetha, Jagdish Chandra (1992). Common Butterflies of India. Nature Guides. Bombay, India: World Wide Fund for Nature-India by Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195631647.
- Haribal, Meena (1992). The Butterflies of Sikkim Himalaya and Their Natural History. Gangtok, Sikkim, India: Sikkim Nature Conservation Foundation.
- Kunte, Krushnamegh (2000). Butterflies of Peninsular India. India, A Lifescape. Hyderabad, India: Universities Press. ISBN 978-8173713545.
- Wynter-Blyth, Mark Alexander (1957). Butterflies of the Indian Region. Bombay, India: Bombay Natural History Society. ISBN 978-8170192329.
Online
- Beccaloni, George; Scoble, Malcolm; Kitching, Ian; Simonsen, Thomas; Robinson, Gaden; Pitkin, Brian; Hine, Adrian; Lyal, Chris. "The Global Lepidoptera Names Index (LepIndex)". Natural History Museum, London. Retrieved 2016-10-15.
- "Markku Savela's website on Lepidoptera".
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