List of ancient doctors

The following is a list of ancient doctors who were known to have practised medicine in some form before 1000AD:

NameTime periodEthnicityKnown for
Adamantius Judaeus4th centuryGreek
Aegimus5th century BCGreekfirst person who wrote a treatise on the pulse
Aëtius of Amida5th–6th centuryByzantine Greek
Agathinus1st century ADGreekfounder of the Eclectic school of medicine
Alexander of Tralles6th century ADByzantine Greekchief work titled Twelve Books on Medicine
Amenhotep13th century BCEgyptianchief physician of the early 19th Dynasty
Andromachus1st century ADGreek
Antipater1st century BCGreekauthor of a work titled On the Soul
Antipater2nd century ADGreekgave an account of the morbid symptoms that precede death
Antiphanes of Delosc. 2nd century ADGreek"the sole cause of diseases in man was the too great variety of his food"
Antonius Castor1st century ADRomanherbal remedies
Apollonius Glaucus3rd century BCGreekOn Internal Diseases
Apollonios of Kition1st century BCGreek Cypriotmost important work is On Joints
Archigenes1st–2nd century ADGreekvery high reputation for his professional skill
Aretaeus1st century ADGreekgeneral treatise on diseases
Aristotle4th century BCGreek
Asclepiades Pharmacion1st-2nd century ADGreekskill and knowledge of pharmacy
Asclepiades of Bithynia2nd-1st century BCGreekbuilt a new theory of disease
Athenaeus of Attalia1st century BCGreekfounder of the Pneumatic school of medicine
Bian Que4th century BCChineseearliest known Chinese physician
Bolus of Mendes3rd century BCGreek
Caelius Aurelianus5th centuryRomanmedical translator
Cassius Felix3rd centuryRoman Africanmedical writer
Cato the Elder2nd century BCRoman
Aulus Cornelius Celsus1st century ADRomanDe Medicina
Charaka6th-2nd century BCIndianone of the principal contributors to Ayurveda
Criton of Heraclea1st-2nd century ADGreek
Ctesias5th century BCGreek
Damocrates1st century ADGreekwrote pharmaceutical works in Greek iambic verse
Demetrius of Apamea2nd century BCGreekstudied sexual organs
Dexippus of Cos4th century BCGreekpupil of Hippocrates
Dieuches4th century BCGreekDogmatic school of medicine
Diocles of Carystus4th century BCGreekpractical medicine, especially diet and nutrition
Dong Feng3rd centuryChinese
Erasistratus3rd century BCGreekfounded a school of anatomy in Alexandria
Erotianus1st century ADGreekCollection of Hippocratic Words
Galen2nd century ADGreekdeveloper of anatomy, physiology, pathology, pharmacology, and neurology
Heliodorus1st century ADGreekwrote on medical technique
Heraclides of Tarentum2nd century BCGreekphysician of the Empiric school
Herophilus3rd century BCGreekdeemed to be the first anatomist
Hicesius1st century BCGreekhead of a medical school established at Smyrna
Hippocrates5th century BCGreek"Father of Medicine", wrote the Hippocratic Corpus
Hua Tuo2nd centuryChineseabilities in acupuncture, moxibustion, herbal medicine and medical Daoyin exercises
Huangfu Mi3rd centuryChinesecompiled the Canon of Acupuncture and Moxibustion
Ji Ben3rd centuryChinesephysician who started a failed rebellion
Irynachet22nd century BCEgyptiansenior physician of the great house
Jivaka Komarabhacca5th century BCIndianpersonal physician of King Bimbisara and Gautama Buddha
Leonidas (physician)2nd–3rd century ADGreeksurgical writer, provided the first detailed description of a mastectomy
Madhava-kara8th century BCIndianlisted diseases along with their causes, symptoms, and complications
Marcellus of Side2nd century ADGreekwrote a long medical poem
Quintus Gargilius Martialis3rd centuryRomanwriter on horticulture, botany and medicine
Meges of Sidon1st century ADGreek/Romansurgeon
Menemachus2nd century ADGreekMethodic school of medicine
Merit-Ptah27th century BCEgyptianearly female physician
Mnesitheus4th century BCGreekclassification of diseases
Sextius Niger1st century BCRomanpharmacology
Oribasius4th centuryGreekmedical writer and person physician of Julian the Apostate
Palladius (physician)6th centuryGreekprofessor of medicine at Alexandria
Paul of Aegina7th centuryByzantine GreekMedical Compendium in Seven Books
Pedanius Dioscorides1st century ADGreekDe Materia Medica
Penthu16th century BCEgyptianChief Physician to Akhenaten
Peseshet25th century BCEgyptianone of the earliest known female physicians
Philagrius of Epirus3rd centuryGreekmedical writers
Philinus of Cos3rd century BCGreekreputed founder of the Empiric school
Philistion of Locri4th century BCGreekphysician and writer of medicine
Philoxenus (physician)3rd century BCGreco-Egyptianwrote several volumes on surgery
Philumenus3rd century ADGreek
Plistonicus4th-3rd century BCGreekwrote a work on anatomy
Posidonius3rd-4th centuryGreekpolymath
Praxagoras of Cos4th century BCGreektheory of circulation
Qar23rd century BCEgyptianChief Physician during the Sixth dynasty
Raban Gamliel VI5th century ADHebrewdemonstrated a special remedy of the spleen
Rabâ-ša-Marduk13th century BCKassite
Rufus of Ephesus1st century ADGreekwrote treatises on dietetics, pathology, anatomy, and patient care
Serenus Sammonicus3rd centuryRomanauthor of a didactic medical poem Liber Medicinalis
Scribonius Largus1st century ADRomancourt physician to the Roman emperor Claudius
Serapion of Alexandria3rd century BCGreekmember of the Empiric school of medicine
Sextus Empiricus2nd century ADRoman
Shepseskaf-ankh25th century BCEgyptianChief Physician during the Fifth dynasty
Soranus of Ephesus2nd century ADGreekauthor of treatise on gynecology and On Acute and Chronic Diseases
Sushruta7th century BCIndianauthor of the treatise The Compendium of Suśruta
Themison of Laodicea1st century BCGreekfounder of the Methodic school of medicine
Theophilus Protospatharius7th centuryGreek
Theophrastus4th-3rd century BCGreek
Thessalus of Tralles1st century ADRomanMethodic school of medicine, court physician of Emperor Nero
Xenocrates of Aphrodisias1st century ADGreekpharmaceutical writer, including On Useful Things from Living Beings
Zhang Zhongjing150—219Chinesemade great contributions to the development of Traditional Chinese Medicine
Zopyrus (physician)1st century ADGreekantidote inventor
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