List of Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves recipients (1940–1941)

The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (German: Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes) and its variants were the highest awards in the military and paramilitary forces of Nazi Germany during World War II. The decoration was awarded for a wide range of reasons and across all ranks, from a senior commander for skilled leadership of his troops in battle to a low-ranking soldier for a single act of extreme gallantry. The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves was introduced on 3 June 1940 to further distinguish those who had already received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross and who continued to show merit in combat bravery or military success. A total of 7 awards were made in 1940; 50 in 1941; 111 in 1942; 192 in 1943; 328 in 1944, and 194 in 1945, giving a total of 882 recipients—excluding the 8 foreign recipients of the award.

The number of 882 Oak Leaves recipients is based on the analysis and acceptance of the order commission of the Association of Knight's Cross Recipients (AKCR).[1] However, author Veit Scherzer has challenged the validity of 27 of these listings.[2] With the exception of Hermann Fegelein, all of the disputed recipients had received the award in 1945, when the deteriorating situation during the final days of World War II in Germany left a number of nominations incomplete and pending in various stages of the approval process. Hermann Fegelein received the Oak Leaves in 1942, but was sentenced to death and executed by Reichssicherheitsdienst (RSD) on 28 April 1945 after a court-martial. The sentence was carried out the same day. The death sentence, according to German law, resulted in the loss of all orders and honorary signs.[3]

Background

The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grades were based on four separate enactments. The first enactment, Reichsgesetzblatt I S. 1573 of 1 September 1939 instituted the Iron Cross, the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross and the Grand Cross of the Iron Cross. Article 2 of the enactment mandated that the award of a higher class be preceded by the award of all preceding classes.[4] As the war progressed, some of the recipients of the Knight's Cross distinguished themselves further and a higher grade, the Oak Leaves to the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross, was instituted. The Oak Leaves, as they were commonly referred to, were based on the enactment Reichsgesetzblatt I S. 849 of 3 June 1940.[5] In 1941, two higher grades of the Knight's Cross were instituted. The enactment Reichsgesetzblatt I S. 613 of 28 September 1941 introduced the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords and the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds.[6] At the end of 1944 the final grade, the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Golden Oak Leaves, Swords, and Diamonds, based on the enactment Reichsgesetzblatt 1945 I S. 11 of 29 December 1944, became the final variant of the Knight's Cross authorized.[7]

Recipients

Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves
Year   Number of presentationsPosthumous presentations
1940
7
0
1941
50
3
1942
111
7
1943
192
17
1944
328
46
1945
194
19

The Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (OKW—Supreme Command of the Armed Forces) kept separate Knight's Cross lists, one for each of the three military branches, Heer (Army), Kriegsmarine (Navy), Luftwaffe (Air force) and for the Waffen-SS. Within each of these lists a unique sequential number was assigned to each recipient. The same numbering paradigm was applied to the higher grades of the Knight's Cross, one list per grade.[8] The recipients are ordered chronologically and numbered by the official sequential number assigned by the OKW. The rank listed is the recipient's rank at the time the Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves was awarded.

  This along with the + (plus) indicates that a higher grade of Knight's Cross was awarded as well.
  This along with the * (asterisk), indicates that the Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves was awarded posthumously.

Recipients of 1940

Number Name Service Rank Role and unit[Note 1] Date of award Notes Image
1Eduard Dietl+HeerGeneralleutnant[9]Commanding general of Gebirgskorps Norwegen[9][10]19 July 1940[9]Awarded 72nd Swords 1 July 1944.[9]
At the same time promoted to General der Infanterie, later General der Gebirgstruppen[11]		The head and shoulders of an elderly man, shown from the front. He wears a field cap and a military uniform displaying various military decorations on breast pockets, right upper sleeve, and an Iron Cross displayed at the front of his shirt collar. His facial expression is a determined and confident smile; his eyes look into the camera.
2Werner Mölders+LuftwaffeMajor[12]Geschwaderkommodore of Jagdgeschwader 51[10][12]21 September 1940[12]Awarded 2nd Swords 22 June 1941
1st Diamonds 15 July 1941[Note 2]		The head and shoulders of a young man, shown in semi-profile. He wears a field cap and a pilot's leather jacket with a fur collar, with an Iron Cross displayed at the front of his shirt collar. His hair is dark and short, his nose is long and straight, and his facial expression is a determined and confident smile; his eyes gaze into the distance.
3Adolf Galland+LuftwaffeMajor[13]Geschwaderkommodore of Jagdgeschwader 26 "Schlageter"[10][13]24 September 1940[13]Awarded 1st Swords 21 June 1941
2nd Diamonds 28 January 1942[13]		The head and shoulders of a young man, shown in semi-profile. He wears a military uniform with various military above his left breast pocket and an Iron Cross displayed at the front of his shirt collar. On his upper lip is a moustache, his hair is dark and short and combed back, his facial expression is a determined and confident smile; his eyes gaze into the distance.
4Helmut WickLuftwaffeHauptmann[14]Gruppenkommandeur of the I./Jagdgeschwader 2 "Richthofen"[10][14]6 October 1940[Note 3]
—
The head and shoulders of a young man. He wears a military uniform, an Iron Cross displayed at the front of his shirt collar and breast pocket.
5Günther PrienKriegsmarineKapitänleutnant[15]Commander of U-47[10][15]20 October 1940[15]
—
A smiling Prien is seen on deck, wearing his navy uniform.
6Otto Kretschmer+KriegsmarineKapitänleutnant[16]Commander of U-99[10][16]4 November 1940[16]Awarded 5th Swords 26 December 1941[16]The head and shoulders of a smiling young man. He wears casual army fatigues and is unshaven.
7Joachim SchepkeKriegsmarineKapitänleutnant[17]Commander of U-100[10][17]1 December 1940[17]
—
—

Recipients of 1941

Number Name Service Rank Role and unit[Note 1] Date of award Notes Image
8Martin HarlinghausenLuftwaffeOberstleutnant[18]Chief of the general staff of the X. Fliegerkorps[18][19]30 January 1941[18]
—
—
9Walter Oesau+LuftwaffeHauptmann[20]Gruppenkommandeur of the III./Jagdgeschwader 3[19][20]6 February 1941[20]Awarded 3rd Swords 15 July 1941[Note 4]
—
10Erwin Rommel+HeerGeneralleutnant[19][Note 5]Commander of the 7. Panzer-Division[19][21]20 March 1941[21]Awarded 6th Swords 20 January 1942
6th Diamonds 11 March 1943[21]		The head and shoulders of an elderly man, shown in semi-profile. He wears a peaked cap and a military uniform with an Eagle above his right and various military decorations above left breast pocket, and an Iron Cross displayed at the front of his shirt collar. His facial expression is a determined; his eyes are looking into the distance to the left of the camera.
11Hermann-Friedrich JoppienLuftwaffeHauptmann[22]Gruppenkommandeur of the I./Jagdgeschwader 51[19][22]23 April 1941[22]
—
—
12Joachim Müncheberg+LuftwaffeOberleutnant[23]Staffelkapitän of the 7./Jagdgeschwader 26 "Schlageter"[19][23]7 May 1941[23]Awarded 19th Swords 9 September 1942[23]
—
13Heinrich LiebeKriegsmarineKapitänleutnant[24]Commander of U-38[19][24]10 June 1941[24]At the same time promoted to Korvettenkapitän[19]
—
14Engelbert EndrassKriegsmarineOberleutnant zur See[19][Note 6]Commander of U-46[19][25]10 June 1941[25]
—
—
15Herbert SchultzeKriegsmarineKapitänleutnant[26]Commander of U-48[19][26]12 June 1941[26]
—
The head and shoulders of a young man, shown in semi-profile. He wears a greatcoat and his Iron Cross is visible at the front of his shirt collar. He wears a determined expression.
16Herbert Ihlefeld+LuftwaffeHauptmann[27]Gruppenkommandeur of the I./Jagdgeschwader 77[19][27]27 June 1941[27]Awarded 9th Swords 24 April 1942[27]
17Wilhelm BalthasarLuftwaffeHauptmann[28]Geschwaderkommodore of Jagdgeschwader 2 "Richthofen"[19][28]2 July 1941[28]
—
—
18Siegfried SchnellLuftwaffeLeutnant[Note 7]Pilot in the 9./Jagdgeschwader 2 "Richthofen"[19][Note 7]9 July 1941[29]
—
—
19Rudolf SchmidtHeerGeneral der Panzertruppe[30]Commanding general of the XXXIX. Armeekorps (motorized)[19][30]10 July 1941[30]
—
The head and shoulders of an elderly man, shown from the front. He wears a military uniform with an Iron Cross displayed at the front of his collar. His hair is parted, combed back and appears either dark or grey, his facial expression is a determined and grim; his eyes are looking into the camera.
20Werner Baumbach+LuftwaffeOberleutnant[31]Pilot in the 4./Kampfgeschwader 30[19][31]14 July 1941[31]Awarded 16th Swords 17 August 1942[19][Note 8]
—
21Oskar DinortLuftwaffeOberstleutnant[32]Geschwaderkommodore of Sturzkampfgeschwader 2 "Immelmann"[19][32]14 July 1941[32]
—
—
22Walter StorpLuftwaffeMajor[33]Geschwaderkommodore of Schnellkampfgeschwader 210[33][34]14 July 1941[33]
—
—
23Viktor SchützeKriegsmarineKorvettenkapitän[35]Commander of U-103[34][35]14 July 1941[35]
—
—
24Heinz GuderianHeerGeneraloberst[36]Commander-in-chief of Panzergruppe 2[34][36]17 July 1941[36]
—
Guderian is seen in the field. He wears a military uniform and an Iron Cross displayed at the front. He is wearing a greatcoat and has binoculars around his neck.
25Hermann Hoth+HeerGeneraloberst[37]Commander-in-chief of Panzergruppe 3[34][37]17 July 1941[37]Awarded 35th Swords 15 September 1943[37]A man in military uniform wearing an Iron Cross at his neck.
26Dipl.-Ing. Wolfram Freiherr von RichthofenLuftwaffeGeneral der Flieger[38]Commanding general of the VIII. Fliegerkorps[34][38]17 July 1941[38]
—
The head and shoulders of a man, shown in semi-profile. He wears a peaked cap and a military uniform with an Eagle above his right breast pocket, and an Iron Cross displayed at the front of his white shirt collar.
27Günther Lützow+LuftwaffeMajor[39]Geschwaderkommodore of Jagdgeschwader 3[34][39]20 July 1941[39]Awarded 4th Swords 11 October 1941[39]The head and shoulders of a young man, shown in semi-profile. He wears a military uniform with an Iron Cross displayed at the front of his shirt collar. His hair isshort and combed to his right, his nose is short, and his facial expression is determined; looking into the camera.
28Josef Priller+LuftwaffeOberleutnant[40]Staffelkapitän of the 1./Jagdgeschwader 26 "Schlageter"[34][40]20 July 1941[40]Awarded 73rd Swords 2 July 1944[40]
—
29Günther Freiherr von MaltzahnLuftwaffeMajor[41]Geschwaderkommodore of Jagdgeschwader 53[34][41]24 July 1941[41]
—
—
30Horst Niemack+HeerRittmeister[42]Commander of Divisions-Aufklärungs-Abteilung 5[34][42]10 August 1941[42]Awarded 69th Swords 4 June 1944[42]
—
31Heinrich Bär+LuftwaffeLeutnant[Note 9]Pilot in the 1./Jagdgeschwader 51[34][43]14 August 1941[43]Awarded 7th Swords 16 February 1942[43]
—
32Hans HahnLuftwaffeHauptmann[44]Gruppenkommandeur of the III./Jagdgeschwader 2 "Richthofen"[34][44]14 August 1941[44]
—
—
33Hans Philipp+LuftwaffeOberleutnant[45]Staffelkapitän of the 4./Jagdgeschwader 54[34][45]24 August 1941[45]Awarded 8th Swords 12 March 1942[45]
—
34Ludwig CrüwellHeerGeneralleutnant[46]Commander of the 11. Panzer-Division[34][46]1 September 1941[46]
—
Crüwell is seen in profile. He wears a military uniform, along with a cap for desert warfare. His Iron Cross displayed at the front of his shirt collar.
35Karl-Gottfried NordmannLuftwaffeOberleutnant[47]Staffelkapitän of the 12./Jagdgeschwader 51[34][47]16 September 1941[47]
—
The head and shoulders of a young man, shown in semi-profile. He wears a peaked cap and a military uniform with an Eagle above his right and a military decorations above left breast pocket, and an Iron Cross displayed at the front of his shirt collar. His facial expression is a determined; his eyes are looking into the distance to the left of the camera.
36Heinrich HoffmannLuftwaffeOberfeldwebel[48]Pilot in the 12./Jagdgeschwader 51[34][48]19 October 1941*[48]Killed in action 3 October 1941[34]
—
37Kurt-Jürgen Freiherr von LützowHeerOberst[39]Commander of Infanterie-Regiment 89[34][39]21 October 1941[39]
—
—
38Gordon Gollob+LuftwaffeHauptmann[49]Gruppenkommandeur of the II./Jagdgeschwader 3[34][49]26 October 1941[49]Awarded 13th Swords 23 June 1942
3rd Diamonds 30 August 1942[Note 10]		The head a man, shown from the front. He wears a military uniform, a white shirt with an Iron Cross displayed at the front of his shirt collar. His hair appears dark and is combed back, his facial expression is a determined; his eyes are looking into the camera.
39Erbo Graf von KageneckLuftwaffeOberleutnant[50]Staffelkapitän of the 9./Jagdgeschwader 27[34][50]26 October 1941[50]
—
—
40Ernst-Felix KrüderKriegsmarineKapitän zur See[51]Commander of Hilfskreuzer Pinguin (HSK-5)[51][52]15 November 1941*[51]Killed in action 8 May 1941[52]
—
41Josef Dietrich+Waffen-SSSS-Obergruppenführer and General of the Waffen-SS[9]Commander of SS-Division "Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler" (motorized)[9][52]31 December 1941[9]Awarded 26th Swords 14 March 1943
16th Diamonds 6 August 1944[9]		A black and white photograph of a man in semi profile wearing a military uniform and neck order, in shape of an Iron Cross. He has short, thinning hair and a determined facial expression.
42Heinrich EberbachHeerOberst[53]Commander of the 5. Panzer-Brigade[52][53]31 December 1941[53]
—
The head a man, shown from the front looking slightly to his left. He wears a black military uniform, a dark shirt with an Iron Cross displayed at the front of his shirt collar. On the collar of his uniform are two skull insignias. His hair appears dark and is combed back, his nose is scared, his facial expression is a determined.
43Franz ScheidiesHeerOberst[54]Commander of Infanterie-Regiment 22[52][54]31 December 1941[54]
—
—
44Ernst-Georg BuchterkirchHeerOberleutnant[55]Chief of the 2./Panzer-Regiment 6[52][55]31 December 1941[55]
—
—
45Bernhard RoggeKriegsmarineKapitän zur See[56]Commander of Hilfskreuzer Atlantis (HSK-2)[52][56]31 December 1941[56]
—
—
46Dietrich Peltz+LuftwaffeHauptmann[57]Gruppenkommandeur of the II./Kampfgeschwader 77[52][57]31 December 1941[57]Awarded 31st Swords 23 July 1943[57]
—
47Adelbert Schulz+HeerHauptmann[26]Commander of the I./Panzer-Regiment 25[26][52]31 December 1941[26]Awarded 33rd Swords 6 August 1943
9th Diamonds 14 December 1943[26]		The head and shoulders of an elderly man, shown in partial profile. He wears a field cap and a military uniform and an Iron Cross displayed at the front of his camouflage shirt collar.
48Dr. Josef-Franz EckingerHeerMajor[58]Commander of the I./Schützen-Regiment 113[52][58]31 December 1941*[58]Killed in action 17 October 1941[52]
—
49Günther Hoffmann-SchönbornHeerMajor[59]Commander of Sturmgeschütz-Abteilung 191[52][59]31 December 1941[59]
—
—
50Karl Eibl+HeerOberst[60]Commander of Infanterie-Regiment 132[52][60]31 December 1941[60]Awarded 21st Swords 19 December 1942[60]
—
51Heinrich Lehmann-WillenbrockKriegsmarineKapitänleutnant[61]Commander of U-96[52][61]31 December 1941[61]
—
—
52Otto WeißLuftwaffeMajor[62]Gruppenkommandeur of the II.(Schlacht)/Lehrgeschwader 2[52][62]31 December 1941[62]
—
The head and shoulders of a young man, shown from the front. He wears a military uniform, with an Iron Cross displayed at the front of his white shirt collar. His facial expression is a determined and a grim smile; his eyes are looking to the left of the camera.
53Georg Freiherr von Boeselager+HeerRittmeister[63]Chief of the 1./Divisions-Aufklärungs-Abteilung 6[52][63]31 December 1941[63]Awarded 114th Swords 28 November 1944[63]
—
54Walther von Seydlitz-KurzbachHeerGeneralmajor[64]Commander of the 12. Infanterie-Division[52][64]31 December 1941[64]
—
—
55Josef Harpe+HeerGeneralmajor[65]Commander of the 12. Panzer-Division[65][66]31 December 1941[65]Awarded 36th Swords 15 September 1943[65]The head of an elderly man, shown from the front. He wears a peaked cap and a military uniform. His facial expression is a determined and confident smile; his eyes looks to the right of the camera.
56Reinhard Suhren+KriegsmarineOberleutnant zur See[67]Commander of U-564[66][67]31 December 1941[67]Awarded 18th Swords 1 September 1942[67]
—
57Hubertus HitschholdLuftwaffeMajor[68]Gruppenkommandeur of the I./Sturzkampfgeschwader 2 "Immelmann"[66][68]31 December 1941[68]
—
—

Notes

  1. 1 2 For an explanation of the various naming schemes used by the Luftwaffe, Heer, Kriegsmarine and Waffen-SS refer to nomenclature used by the Wehrmacht and Waffen-SS.
  2. ↑ According to Scherzer 1st Diamonds on 16 July 1941.[12]
  3. ↑ According to Scherzer on 25 October 1940.[14]
  4. ↑ According to Scherzer on 16 July 1941.[20]
  5. ↑ According to Scherzer as Generalmajor.[21]
  6. ↑ According to Scherzer as Kapitänleutnant.[25]
  7. 1 2 According to Scherzer as Leutnant of the Reserves and Staffelkapitän of the 9./Jagdgeschwader 2 "Richthofen".[29]
  8. ↑ According to Scherzer on 16 August 1942.[31]
  9. ↑ According to Scherzer as Leutnant of the Reserves.[43]
  10. ↑ According to Scherzer on 25 October 1941.[49]

References

Citations

  1. ↑ Fellgiebel 2000, pp. 53–104.
  2. ↑ Scherzer 2007, pp. 117–186.
  3. ↑ Scherzer 2007, pp. 110–116, 128.
  4. ↑ "Reichsgesetzblatt Teil I S. 1573; 1 September 1939" (PDF). ALEX Österreichische Nationalbibliothek (in German). Reichsministerium des Inneren (Ministry of the Interior). Retrieved 21 February 2008.
  5. ↑ "Reichsgesetzblatt Teil I S. 849; 3 June 1940" (PDF). ALEX Österreichische Nationalbibliothek (in German). Reichsministerium des Inneren (Ministry of the Interior). Retrieved 21 February 2008.
  6. ↑ "Reichsgesetzblatt Teil I S. 613; 28 September 1941" (PDF). ALEX Österreichische Nationalbibliothek (in German). Reichsministerium des Inneren (Ministry of the Interior). Retrieved 21 February 2008.
  7. ↑ "Reichsgesetzblatt 1945 I S. 11; 29 December 1944" (PDF). ALEX Österreichische Nationalbibliothek (in German). Reichsministerium des Inneren (Ministry of the Interior). Retrieved 21 February 2008.
  8. ↑ Fellgiebel 2000, p. 112.
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Scherzer 2007, p. 272.
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Fellgiebel 2000, p. 53.
  11. ↑ Fellgiebel 2000, pp. 53, 476.
  12. 1 2 3 4 Scherzer 2007, p. 548.
  13. 1 2 3 4 Scherzer 2007, p. 325.
  14. 1 2 3 Scherzer 2007, p. 783.
  15. 1 2 3 Scherzer 2007, p. 604.
  16. 1 2 3 4 Scherzer 2007, p. 474.
  17. 1 2 3 Scherzer 2007, p. 659.
  18. 1 2 3 Scherzer 2007, p. 366.
  19. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Fellgiebel 2000, p. 54.
  20. 1 2 3 4 Scherzer 2007, p. 576.
  21. 1 2 3 4 Scherzer 2007, p. 638.
  22. 1 2 3 Scherzer 2007, p. 423.
  23. 1 2 3 4 Scherzer 2007, p. 559.
  24. 1 2 3 Scherzer 2007, p. 504.
  25. 1 2 3 Scherzer 2007, p. 294.
  26. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Scherzer 2007, p. 690.
  27. 1 2 3 4 Scherzer 2007, p. 413.
  28. 1 2 3 Scherzer 2007, p. 201.
  29. 1 2 Scherzer 2007, p. 678.
  30. 1 2 3 Scherzer 2007, p. 671.
  31. 1 2 3 4 Scherzer 2007, p. 206.
  32. 1 2 3 Scherzer 2007, p. 274.
  33. 1 2 3 Scherzer 2007, p. 727.
  34. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Fellgiebel 2000, p. 55.
  35. 1 2 3 Scherzer 2007, p. 688.
  36. 1 2 3 Scherzer 2007, p. 354.
  37. 1 2 3 4 Scherzer 2007, p. 406.
  38. 1 2 3 Scherzer 2007, p. 628.
  39. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Scherzer 2007, p. 519.
  40. 1 2 3 4 Scherzer 2007, p. 605.
  41. 1 2 3 Scherzer 2007, p. 525.
  42. 1 2 3 4 Scherzer 2007, p. 569.
  43. 1 2 3 4 Scherzer 2007, p. 199.
  44. 1 2 3 Scherzer 2007, p. 361.
  45. 1 2 3 4 Scherzer 2007, p. 593.
  46. 1 2 3 Scherzer 2007, p. 263.
  47. 1 2 3 Scherzer 2007, p. 572.
  48. 1 2 3 Scherzer 2007, p. 398.
  49. 1 2 3 4 Scherzer 2007, p. 341.
  50. 1 2 3 Scherzer 2007, p. 428.
  51. 1 2 3 Scherzer 2007, p. 477.
  52. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Fellgiebel 2000, p. 56.
  53. 1 2 3 Scherzer 2007, p. 285.
  54. 1 2 3 Scherzer 2007, p. 658.
  55. 1 2 3 Scherzer 2007, p. 249.
  56. 1 2 3 Scherzer 2007, p. 636.
  57. 1 2 3 4 Scherzer 2007, p. 586.
  58. 1 2 3 Scherzer 2007, p. 287.
  59. 1 2 3 Scherzer 2007, p. 399.
  60. 1 2 3 4 Scherzer 2007, p. 290.
  61. 1 2 3 Scherzer 2007, p. 499.
  62. 1 2 3 Scherzer 2007, p. 775.
  63. 1 2 3 4 Scherzer 2007, p. 231.
  64. 1 2 3 Scherzer 2007, p. 703.
  65. 1 2 3 4 Scherzer 2007, p. 367.
  66. 1 2 3 Fellgiebel 2000, p. 57.
  67. 1 2 3 4 Scherzer 2007, p. 735.
  68. 1 2 3 Scherzer 2007, p. 393.

Bibliography

  • Fellgiebel, Walther-Peer (2000) [1986]. Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 — Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile [The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945 — The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches] (in German). Friedberg, Germany: Podzun-Pallas. ISBN 978-3-7909-0284-6.
  • Scherzer, Veit (2007). Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des Bundesarchives [The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945 The Holders of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army, Air Force, Navy, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal Archives] (in German). Jena, Germany: Scherzers Miltaer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-938845-17-2.
  • "Das Bundesarchiv". Military Archive - Freiburg im Breisgau. Archived from the original on 29 December 2010. Retrieved 2 January 2011.

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