List of Japanese military equipment of World War II

The following is a list of Japanese military equipment of World War II which includes artillery, vehicles and vessels, and other support equipment of both the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA), and Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) from operations conducted from 1937 through 1945. The Empire of Japan forces conducted operations over a variety of geographical areas and climates from the frozen North of China bordering Russia during the Battle of Khalkin Gol (Nomonhan) to the tropical jungles of Indonesia. Japanese military equipment was researched and developed along two separate procurement processes, one for the IJA and one for the IJN. Until 1943, the IJN usually received a greater budget allocation, which allowed for the Super Battleships, advanced aircraft such as the Mitsubishi A6M series, and the world's largest submarines. In addition, a higher priority of steel and raw materials was allocated to the IJN for warship construction and airplane construction. It changed to a degree in 1944/45, when the homeland became increasingly under direct threat, but it was too late. Therefore, during the prior years the Imperial Japanese Army suffered by having a lower budget allocation and being given a lower priority as to raw materials, which eventually affected its use of equipment and tactics in engagements during World War II.

A majority of the materials used were cotton, wool, and silk for the fabrics, wood for weapon stocks, leather for ammunition pouches, belts, etc. But by 1943 material shortages caused much of the leather to be switched to cotton straps as a substitute.

Swords and bayonets

ModelBlade lengthFrom:Comments
Guntōvariable1875collective term for military swords
Type 30 bayonet40 cm1897fitted on rifles from Type 30 to Type 99
Type 4 bayonet? cm1911integrated with Type 44 Cavalry Carbine
Type 2 bayonet19.5 cm1942fitted on Type 2 TERA Rifle and Type 100 SMG
Pole bayonet38.6 cm1945last-ditch weapon

Small arms

Pistols (manual and semi-automatic)

Automatic pistols and submachine guns

Rifles

[1]

TypeBase modelMakerRoundsCartridgeFrom:ProducedWeightComment
Type 30 RifleType 30Arisaka56.5×50mm Arisaka1897599,0003.95 kglimited distribution in 1945
Type 38 RifleType 38Arisaka56.5×50mm Arisaka19053,400,0003.95 kgmain IJA rifle
Type 38 Cavalry CarbineType 38Arisaka56.5×50mm Arisaka1905?3.3 kgmain armament of IJA auxiliary troops
Type 44 Cavalry CarbineType 38Arisaka56.5×50mm Arisaka191191,9003.3 kgfoldable
Type 97 sniper rifleType 38Arisaka56.5×50mm Arisaka193722,5003.95 kg2.5x telescopic sight
Type 99 (short) rifleType 99Arisaka57.7×58mm Arisaka19393,500,0003.7 kgintended to replace Type 38
Type Mo rifle I, IIKarabiner 98kMauser57.92×57mm Mauser193740,0003.9 kgimported, version I for infantry and II for cavalry
Type Mo rifle IIIvz. 24Považská Bystrica57.92×57mm Mauser193710,0004.2 kgimported, for both infantry and cavalry
Type 99 (long) rifleType 99Arisaka57.7×58mm Arisaka1939?4.09 kgscarce
Type 2 TERA RifleType 99Nagoya57.7×58mm Arisaka194321,2003.7 kgtakedown variant for paratroopers
Type 99 sniper rifleType 99Arisaka57.7×58mm Arisaka19398,000 (approx.)3.7 kg2.5x or 4x telescopic sight
Type 100 TERA rifleKarabiner 98kunknown57.7×58mm Arisaka1940500 (approx.)3.9 kgdetachable barrel for paratroopers
Type 1 TERA rifleType 38 Cavalry CarbineNagoya56.5×50mm Arisaka1941250 (approx.)3.3 kgfoldable for paratroopers
Type I RifleType 38Carcano56.5×50mm Arisaka193960,0003.95 kgbuilt in Italy for IJN
Type 4 RifleM1 GarandYokosuka107.7×58mm Arisaka1945204.14 kg(also known as Type 5) semi-automatic

Grenades and grenade launchers

GrenadeLauncherIntroducedTypeWeight, gcomments
Type 10 GrenadeType 101914fragmentation530inaccurate fuse timing
Type 91 GrenadeType 891931fragmentation530improvement of Type 10
Type 92 GrenadeType 101933chemical590green (skin irritant) and red (tear gas) versions, 30g bursting and 37-40g chemical charges
Type 97 GrenadeNo1937fragmentation450evolution of Type 91 optimized for hand-throw
Type 98 GrenadeNo1939fragmentation595copy of Model 24 grenade, long handle
Type 99 GrenadeType 1001939fragmentation300variant of Type 97 for grenade launcher
Type 2 Grenade (30mm)Type 21942anti-tank230
Type 2 Grenade (40mm)Type 21942anti-tank36998mm RHA penetration
Type 3 GrenadeNo1943anti-tank830-1,270shaped charge, fabric body
Type 4 GrenadeNo1944fragmentation~480Ceramic (Pottery) grenade

Recoilless rifles

  • Type 5 45 mm AT Rocket Launcher
  • Type 4 70 mm AT Rocket Launcher
  • Japanese 81mm recoilless rifle (300 produced in 1944 and used up in battle for Okinawa)
  • 10.5 cm recoilless rifle

Flamethrowers

Machine guns

Infantry and dual-purpose machine guns

Vehicle and aircraft machine guns

See also List of weapons of World War II Japanese aircraft#Army aircraft (IJA)
and List of weapons of World War II Japanese aircraft#Navy aircraft (IJN)

Artillery

Infantry mortars

Heavy mortars & rocket launchers

Field artillery

Fortress and siege guns

Infantry guns

Anti-tank guns

Anti-tank weapons (besides anti-tank guns)

Anti-aircraft weapons

Occasional anti-aircraft guns

Light anti-aircraft guns

Medium & heavy anti-aircraft guns

ModelCaliberEff. alt.FromProducedWeight, kgfire rate, RPMComment
QF 3.7-inch AA gun Mk194mm730019410931715captured from British
Type 1175mm665019224420615(approx.)used as railroad gun and in home islands fortresses
Type 14100mm1050019257051945(approx.)civil defense in Kyushu only
Type 10120mm1006519272000780011cheap coastal defense tool, dual-purpose
Type 8875mm725019282000274018based on QF 3-inch 20 cwt design, mainstay of civil defense
Type 89 naval gun127mm9439193213062030011standard heavy AA gun of IJN
Type 9988mm10420193810006500152nd most produced after Type 88 for civil defense
8 cm/40 3rd Year Type naval gun76.2mm5400191469260013dual-purpose naval gun, during World War II used on gunboats and for civil air defense
Type 3 12cm120mm1300019441201980020the only mass-produced Japanese weapon effective against B-29
Type 475mm10000194470585010reverse-engineered Bofors gun captured from Chinese, intended to replace Type 88, modified as Type 5 75 mm Tank Gun
Type 5149.1mm1600019452920010had a fire-control electronic computer

Vehicles

Tankettes

Amphibious tanks

Note: Amphibious Tanks were used by the IJN.

Self-propelled guns

Tank-based

NameChassisGunDevelopedManufacturedRole
Ji-Ro ShaType 95 Heavy Tank105 mm?1self-propelled anti-tank gun
Hi-Ro Sha (a/k/a Hiro-sha)Type 95 Heavy Tank105 mm?1self-propelled anti-tank gun
Type 4 Ho-ToType 95 Ha-GoType 38 12 cm Howitzer19441SPG
Type 5 Ho-RuType 95 Ha-GoType 1 47 mm Anti-Tank Gun19451SP ATG
Type 1 Ho-Ni IType 97 Chi-HaType 90 75 mm Field Gun194126SP ATG
Type 1 Ho-Ni IIType 97 Chi-HaType 91 10 cm howitzer194154SPG
Type 3 Ho-Ni IIIType 97 Chi-HaType 3 75 mm Tank Gun194331 to 41SP ATG
Type 2 Ho-IType 97 Chi-HaType 41 75 mm Mountain Gun194231SPG
Type 4 Ho-RoType 97 Chi-HaType 38 15 cm howitzer194412SPG
Short Barrel 120 mm Gun TankType 97 Chi-Ha120 mm naval gun194512SPG
Type 5 Ho-ChiType 97 Chi-HaType 96 15 cm howitzer19451SPG
Type 98 Ta-Se 20 mmType 98 Ke-NiType 98 20 mm AA Machine Cannon19411self-propelled anti-aircraft gun
Type 98 20 mm AAG TankType 98 Ke-Nitwin Type 98 20 mm AA Machine Cannon19441self-propelled anti-aircraft gun
Ta-HaType 1 Chi-Hetwin 37 mm high-angle gun19420self-propelled anti-aircraft gun
Type 5 Na-ToType 4 Chi-So medium tracked carrierType 5 75 mm tank gun19452SP ATG
Type 5 Ho-RiType 5 Chi-Ri1x105mm, 1x37mm, 2x20mm (AA)19450SP ATG/AAG
Type 5 Ka-ToType 4 Chi-To1x105mm19450SP ATG

Other

NameChassisGunDevelopedManufacturedRole
Ki-ToType 97 Te-Ketwin Type 98 20 mm AA machine cannon19381self-propelled anti-aircraft gun
Ko-HiType 98 half-trackType 2 20 mm AA Machine Cannon19421self-propelled anti-aircraft gun
Type 4 Ha-TouniqueType 3 30 cm mortar19444self-propelled mortar/rocket launcher
  • 75 mm SPG "Kusae" - 1944 prototype

Armored cars

MakerDevelopedRail wheelsProducedArmamentModel
Austin Motor Company/Nissan1920sNo?noneAustin Armoured Car
Crossley1925No?2× 7.7mm Vickers .303 MGVickers Crossley Armoured Car
Wolseley Motors Limited1928No?noneunknown
Sumida(Isuzu)1931No2003x6.5mm Type 11 MGType 2592 Chiyoda, a/k/a "Chiysda" (misspelled)
Sumida(Isuzu)1931No23x6.5mm Type 11 MG(Chiyoda QSW) "Aikoku"
Sumida(Isuzu)1931No?3x6.5mm Type 11 MG(Chiyoda) "Kokusan"
Sumida(Isuzu)1932No?noneType 2592 Sumida
Sumida(Isuzu)1931Yes10001x7.7mm machine gunSumida M.2593, also known as Type 91 Broad-gauge Railroad Tractor Sumi-Da or Type 91 armored railroad car So-Mo
Mitsubishi1935Yes121 to 135noneType 95 So-Ki armored APC and railroad car
Osaka Naval arsenal1933Yeslimited1× 7.7mm Vickers .303 MG & 4x 6.5mm MGType 93 Armoured Car (a/k/a Type 2593 "Hokoku" or Type 93 "Kokusan" or "Type 92" naval armored car)
Daidou (Manchu) automobiles1933No?Type 11 37mm gun, Type 11 MGManchukyo Type 93 armored car[2]
?1938Yes?noneType 2598 railroad car

Armored carriers

Armored trains

Railroad vehicles

Wagons

  • Wagon-1 Reconnaissance Wagon
  • Wagon-1 Protective Wagon
  • Wagon-2 Heavy Canone Wagon
  • Wagon-3 Light Canone Wagon
  • Wagon-4 Infantry Wagon
  • Wagon-5 Command Wagon
  • Wagon-6 Auxiliary Tender
  • Wagon-7 Materials Wagon
  • Wagon-7 Power Supply Wagon
  • Wagon-8 Infantry Wagon
  • Wagon-9 Light Canone Wagon
  • Wagon-10 Howitzer Wagon
  • Wagon-11 Protective Wagon

Locomotives

  • Locomotives Type 97/98/100

Railroad cars

Japanese has used routinely road-railroad convertible automobiles. These are covered in "Armoured Cars" section

Engineering and command

See List of Japanese Army military engineer vehicles of World War II

Trucks

  • Type 94 6-Wheeled Truck
  • Type 95 Mini-truck
  • Type 97 4-Wheeled Truck
  • Type 1 6-Wheeled Truck
  • Type 2 Heavy Truck
  • Toyota KB/KC Truck
  • Nissan 80 Truck
  • Nissan 180 Truck
  • Amphibious Truck "Su-Ki"

Tractors & prime movers

Passenger cars (not armoured)

Motorcycles

Miscellaneous vehicles

  • Type 94 Ambulance
  • Type 94 Repair Vehicle

Army vessels

River-crossing crafts

  • Type 95 Collapsible Boat
  • Type 99 Pontoon Bridge
  • Rubber Rafts

Landing craft

Motorboats

  • Speedboat Model Ko
  • Speedboat Model Otsu
  • Suicide-Attack Motorboat "Maru-Re"

Gun boats

  • Armored Boat "AB-Tei"
  • Submarine-chaser "Karo-Tei"

Landing craft/aircraft carriers

  • Landing Craft Carrier "Shinshu Maru"
  • Landing Craft Carrier Model Ko, Otsu, Hei

Transport vessels

  • Tank Landing Ship "SS-Tei"
  • Fast Transport Vessel "Yi-Go"
  • Transport Submarine "Maru-Yu"

Aircraft

Secret weapons

Army secret weapons

  • Remote control special vehicle "I-Go"
  • Unmanned miniature special vehicle "Ya-I"
  • Remote control special working cable car with 90 mm
  • Mortar cannon "Ite-Go"
  • Remote control boat "Isu-Go"
  • Rocket cannon "Ro-Go"
  • Nuclear project "Mishina"
  • Engine stop gas "Ha-Go"
  • Radio jammer "Ho-Go"
  • Electric cannon "To-Go"
  • Ultrashort waves application research "Chi-Go"
  • High voltage weapon "Ka-Go"
  • High voltage obstacle destruction device "Kaha-Go"
  • High voltage wire obstacles "Kake-Go"
  • High voltage net launching rocket "Kate-Go"
  • Infrared rays detection device "Ne-Go"
  • Mine detection sonar for the landing operations "Ra-Go"
  • Radio control device "Mu-Go"
  • Radio controlled boat with sonar and a depth bomb "Musu-Go"
  • Plan to make artificial thunderclouds "U-Go"
  • Noctovision "No-Go"
  • Death ray "Ku-Go"
  • Infrared ray homing bomb "Ke-Go"
  • Fu-Go balloon bomb
  • Optical communication device "Ko-Go"
  • Rope launching rocket "Te-Go"
  • Blind ray "Ki-Go"
  • Propaganda electronic ray device "Se-Go"
  • Sonar "Su-Go"
  • Experimental armour for MG-gunner
  • Experimental reconnaissance aircraft "Te-Go"
  • Reconnaissance autogyro "Ka-Go"
  • I-Go 14 Type (Type "Ko-Kai 2":Modified A Type2) I-Go 14 Aircraft Submarine
  • I-Go 15 Type (Type "Otsu":Type B) I-Go 26 Aircraft Submarine
  • I-Go 54 Type (Type "Otsu-Kai 2":Modified B Type2) I-Go 54 Aircraft Submarine
  • I-Go 400 Type (Special Submarine) I-Go 402 Aircraft Submarine
  • Aichi M6A1 Seiran Torpedo-Bomber carried in subs.
  • Suicide Attack Frogman "Fukuryuu"
  • "Kaiten" Type1 Suicide Attack Midget Submarine
  • "Kairyu" Midget Submarine
  • Nuclear Project "F-Go"
  • Aircraft Battleship "Ise" Class "Ise"

Radars

Imperial Japanese Army radars

Ground-based radar

  • Ta-Chi 1 Ground-Based Target Tracking Radar Model 1
  • Ta-Chi 2 Ground-Based Target Tracking Radar Model 2
  • Ta-Chi 3 Ground-Based Target Tracking Radar Model 3
  • Ta-Chi 4 Ground-Based Target Tracking Radar Model 4
  • TypeA Bi-static Doppler Interface Detector (High Flequency Warning Device "Ko")
  • Ta-Chi 6 TypeB Fixed Early Warning Device (Fixed Early Warning Device "Otsu")
  • Ta-Chi 7 Type B Mobile Early Warning Device (Mobile Early Warning Device "Otsu")
  • Ta-Chi 13 Aircraft Guidance System
  • Ta-Chi 18 Type B Portable Early Warning Device (Portable Early Warning Device "Otsu")
  • Ta-Chi 20 Fixed Early Warning Device Receiver (for Ta-Chi 6)
  • Ta-Chi 24 Mobile Anti-Aircraft Radar (Japanese Wurzburg radar)
  • Ta-Chi 28 Aircraft Guidance Device
  • Ta-Chi 31 Ground-Based Target Tracking Radar Model 4 modified

Airborne radar

  • Ta-Ki 1 Model 1 Airborne Surveillance Radar
  • Ta-Ki 1 Model 2 Airborne Surveillance Radar
  • Ta-Ki 1 Model 3 Airborne Surveillance Radar
  • Ta-Ki 11 ECM Device
  • Ta-Ki 15 Aircraft Guidance Device Receiver (for Tachi 13)

Shipborne radar

  • Ta-Se 1 Anti-Surface Radar
  • Ta-Se 2 Anti-Surface Radar

Imperial Japanese Navy Radars

Land-based radar

  • Type 2 Mark 1 Model 1 Early Warning Radar ("11-Go" Early Warning Radar)
  • Type 2 Mark 1 Model 1 Modify 1 Early Warning Radar ("11-Go" Model 1 Early Warning Radar)
  • Type 2 Mark 1 Model 1 Modify 2 Early Warning Radar ("11-Go" Model 2 Early Warning Radar)
  • Type 2 Mark 1 Model 1 Modify 3 Early Warning Radar ("11-Go" Model 3 Early Warning Radar)
  • Type 2 Mark 1 Model 2 Mobil Early Warning Radar ("12-Go" Mobil Early Warning Radar)
  • Type 2 Mark 1 Model 2 Modify 2 Mobil Early Warning Radar ("12-Go" Modify 2 Mobile Early Warning Radar)
  • Type 2 Mark 1 Model 2 Modify 3 Mobil Early Warning Radar ("12-Go" Modify 3 Mobile Early Warning Radar)
  • Type 3 Mark 1 Model 1 Early Warning Radar ("11-Go" Modified Early Warning Radar)
  • Type 3 Mark 1 Model 3 Small Size Early Warning Radar ("13-Go" Small Size Early Warning Radar)
  • Type 3 Mark 1 Model 4 Long-Range Air Search Radar ("14-Go" Long-Range Air Search Radar)
  • Type 2 Mark 4 Model 1 Anti-aircraft Fire-Control Radar (Japanese SCR-268)
  • Type 2 Mark 4 Model 2 Anti-aircraft Fire-Control Radar (Japanese SCR-268) (S24 Anti-aircraft Fire-Control Radar)

Airborne radar

  • Type 3 Air Mark 6 Model 4 Airborne Ship-Search Radar (H6 Airborne Ship-Search Radar) (N6 Airborne Ship-Search Radar)
  • Type 5 Model 1 Radio Location Night Vision Device

Shipborne radar

  • Type 2 Mark 2 Model 1 Air Search Radar ("21-Go" Air Search Radar)
  • Type 2 Mark 2 Model 2 Modify 3 Anti-Surface, Fire assisting Radar for Submarine ("21-Go" Modify 3 Anti-Surface, Fire-assisting Radar)
  • Type 2 Mark 2 Model 2 Modify 4 Anti-Surface, Fire-assisting Radar for Ship ("21-Go" Modify 4 Anti-Surface, Fire-assisting Radar)
  • Type 2 Mark 3 Model 1 Anti-Surface Fire-Control Radar ("31-Go" Anti-Surface Fire-Control Radar)
  • Type 2 Mark 3 Model 2 Anti-Surface Fire-Control Radar ("32-Go" Anti-Surface Fire-Control Radar)
  • Type 2 Mark 3 Model 3 Anti-Surface Fire-Control Radar ("33-Go" Anti-Surface Fire-Control Radar)

Missiles & bombs

nametypeintroducedweight, kgroleusercomment
Kawasaki Ki-147 I-Go Type1 – Koguided missile19441400air-to-surfaceIJARadio-guided
Kawasaki Igo-1-Bguided missile1944680air-to-surfaceIJARadio-guided, also known as Ki-148 or I-Go Type 1-Hei
Ke-Goguided missile1944680air-to-surfaceIJAIR homing version of Ki-148
Funshin-danunguided missile194340surface-to-airIJNused in battle of Iwo Jima
Funryuguided missile19431900surface-to-airIJNRadio-guided, models Funryu-1 to Funryu-4
Yokosuka MXY7 Ohkaguided missile19452140surface-to-airIJNguided by suicide pilot
Type 92 No. 1bomb193215air-to-surfaceIJA-
Type 92 No. 25bomb1932250air-to-surfaceIJA-
Type 92 No. 50bomb1932500air-to-surfaceIJA-
Type 94 No. 5bomb193450air-to-surfaceIJA-
Type 94 Mod. No. 5bomb193450air-to-surfaceIJA-
Type 94 No. 10bomb1934100air-to-surfaceIJA-
Type 94 No. 10 Mod.bomb1934100air-to-surfaceIJA-
Type 97 No. 6bomb193760air-to-surfaceIJNused in Pearl Harbor attack
Type 98 No. 25bomb193830air-to-surfaceIJNused in Pearl Harbor attack
Type 99 No. 3 Mod.bomb193930air-to-surfaceIJA-
Type 99 No. 80bomb1939800anti-shipIJNused in Pearl Harbor attack
Type 99 No. 25bomb193930anti-shipIJNused in Pearl Harbor attack
Type 1 No. 5bomb194150air-to-surfaceIJA-
Type 1 No. 10bomb1941100air-to-surfaceIJA-
Type 1 No. 25bomb1941250air-to-surfaceIJA-
Type 3 No. 10bomb1943100air-to-surfaceIJA-
Type 3 No. 25bomb1943250air-to-surfaceIJASkipping bomb
Type 4 No. 10bomb1944100anti-shipIJA-
Type 4 No. 25bomb1944250anti-shipIJA-
Type 4 No. 50bomb1944500anti-shipIJA-

For more details on naval bombs, see List of Japanese World War II navy bombs For more details in land bombs, see List of Japanese World War II army bombs

Unclear IJA bombs

  • Type Ro-3
  • Type Ro-5
  • Type Ro-7

Unclear IJN bombs

  • Type 3 No.1 28-Go Bomb Type 2
  • Type 3 No.1 28-Go Bomb Type 2 Modify 1
  • Type 3 No.1 28-Go Bomb Type 2 Modify 2
  • Type 3 No.1 28-Go Bomb "Maru-Sen"
  • No.6 27-Go Bomb
  • Type 3 No.25 4-Go Bomb Type 1
  • Type 3 No.50 4-Go Bomb

Unclear bomb

  • Type 4456 100 kg Skipping bomb

Cartridges and shells

Cartridges

High Explosive Anti-Tank (HEAT) shells

GunCaliberWeightLengthPenetration
Type 90/97 Tank Gun57mm1.80 kg189 mm55 mm
Type 92 Infantry Gun70 mm3.38 kg281 mm90 mm
Type 41 Mountain Gun75 mm3.95 kg297 mm100mm
Type 38 12 cm Howitzer120 mm13.03 kg387 mm140 mm
Type 4 15 cm Howitzer149 mm21.04 kg524 mm150mm

Among them, the HEAT of Type 41 Mountain Gun was used in action and destroyed several Allied tanks in Burma and other places. The use of the HEAT for other guns is not known.

Other HEAT shell was the projectile of Type 94 Mountain Gun. The HEAT of Type 94 Mountain Gun was not produced though it was developed.

See also

References

  1. ↑ Standard Catalog of Military Firearms: The Collector's Price and Reference Guide, edited by Phillip Peterson, ISBN 978-1-4402-3692-1
  2. ↑ http://henk.fox3000.com/fairey.htm
  • Bishop, Chris (eds) The Encyclopedia of Weapons of World War II. Barnes & Nobel. 1998. ISBN 0-7607-1022-8
  • Chamberlain, Peter and Gander, Terry. Light and Medium Field Artillery. Macdonald and Jane's (1975). ISBN 0-356-08215-6
  • Chant, Chris. Artillery of World War II, Zenith Press, 2001, ISBN 0-7603-1172-2
  • McLean, Donald B. Japanese Artillery; Weapons and Tactics. Wickenburg, Ariz.: Normount Technical Publications 1973. ISBN 0-87947-157-3.
  • Tomczyk, Andrzej (2002). Japanese Armor Vol. 1. AJ Press. ISBN 83-7237-097-4.
  • Tomczyk, Andrzej (2007) [2002]. Japanese Armor Vol. 2. AJ Press. ISBN 978-8372371119.
  • Tomczyk, Andrzej (2003). Japanese Armor Vol. 3. AJ Press. ISBN 978-8372371287.
  • Tomczyk, Andrzej (2005). Japanese Armor Vol. 4. AJ Press. ISBN 978-8372371676.
  • Tomczyk, Andrzej (2007). Japanese Armor Vol. 5. AJ Press. ISBN 978-8372371799.
  • US Department of War, TM 30-480, Handbook On Japanese Military Forces, Louisiana State University Press, 1994. ISBN 0-8071-2013-8
  • Zaloga, Steven J. (2007). Japanese Tanks 1939–45. Osprey. ISBN 978-1-8460-3091-8.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.