List of Hittite kings
The dating and sequence of the Hittite kings is compiled from fragmentary records, supplemented by the recent find in Hattusa of a cache of more than 3500 seal impressions giving names and titles and genealogy of Hittite kings.[1] All dates given here are approximate, relying on synchronisms with known chronologies for neighbouring countries and Egypt.
Little is known of the rulers of the Middle Kingdom period. The sequence here still largely follows Bryce (1998),[2] but the short (or low) chronology is used.
McMahon (1989) lists Hattusili II and Tudhaliya III in inverse order. Bryce, among others, does not distinguish a Middle Kingdom. Instead he ends the Old Kingdom with Muwatalli I and begins the New Kingdom with Tudhaliya I. Nor is Tudhaliya "the Younger" generally included in Hittite king lists, as he was assassinated upon the death of his father, Tudhaliya II.
Hattic
| Ruler | Reigned | Lineage and Key events |
|---|---|---|
| Pamba | ca. early 22nd century BC (short) | King of Hatti |
| Pithana | ca. 17th century BC (short) | King of Kussara, conqueror of Neša |
| Piyusti | ca. 17th century BC (short) | King of Hatti, defeated by Anitta |
| Anitta | ca. 17th century BC (short) | King of Kussara, destroyer of Hattusa |
| (Tudhaliya) | Great-grandfather of Hattusili I | |
| (PU-Sarruma) | Son of Tudhaliya |
Old Kingdom
| Ruler | Reigned | Lineage and key events |
|---|---|---|
| Labarna I | ca. 1600–1586 BC (short) | Traditional founder |
| Hattusili I a.k.a. Labarna II | ca. 1586–1556 BC (short) | Nephew/grandson(?) of Labarna; perhaps the first ruler to reoccupy Hattusa |
| Mursili I | ca. 1556–1526 BC (short) | Grandson of Hattusili I; sacked Babylon, ca. 1531 |
| Hantili I | ca. 1526–1496 BC (short) | Brother-in-law of Mursili I; assassinated Mursili I |
| Zidanta I | ca. 1496–1486 BC (short) | Son-in-law of Hantili I; assassinated son/heir of Hantili I |
| Ammuna | ca. 1486–1466 BC (short) | Son of Zidanta I; assassinated his father |
| Huzziya I | ca. 1466–1461 BC (short) | Son of Ammuna? |
| Telipinus | ca. 1460 BC (short) | Brother-in-law of Huzziya I; usurped the throne from Huzziya |
Middle Kingdom
| Ruler | Reigned | Lineage and key events |
|---|---|---|
| Alluwamna | ca. mid 15th century BC | Son-in-law of Telipinu |
| Hantili II | ca. 1500-1450 B.C. | Son of Alluwamna |
| Tahurwaili | Usurper. Ruled sometime between Telipinu and Zidanta II, but otherwise time is uncertain. | |
| Zidanta II | Son of Hantili II | |
| Huzziya II | Son of Zidanta II | |
| Muwatalli I | ca. 1400 BC | Usurper; assassinated Huzziya II |
New Kingdom (Empire)
| Ruler | Reigned | Lineage and key events |
|---|---|---|
| Tudhaliya I | ca. early 14th century BC (short) | Lineage is uncertain; perhaps a grandson of Zidanta II. Became king after Muwatalli I was killed. |
| Arnuwanda I | Son-in-law of Tudhaliya I | |
| Hattusili II (?) | The existence, lineage and time of his reign is disputed | |
| Tudhaliya II | ca. 1360? – 1344 BC (short) | Son of Arnuwanda (or Hattusili II?) |
| Tudhaliya III "the Younger" | Son of Tudhaliya II; assassinated upon his father's death; he may not have ruled at all. | |
| Suppiluliuma I | ca. 1344–1322 BC (short) | Son of Tudhaliya II (or Hattusili II?); expanded the empire; mentioned in the Amarna letters |
| Arnuwanda II | ca. 1322–1321 BC (short) | Son of Suppiluliuma |
| Mursili II | ca. 1321–1295 BC (short) | Son of Suppiluliuma |
| Muwatalli II | ca. 1295–1272 BC (short) | Son of Mursili II; Battle of Kadesh, ca. 1274 |
| Mursili III a.k.a. Urhi-Teshub | ca. 1272–1267 BC (short) | Son of Muwatalli II |
| Hattusili III | ca. 1267–1237 BC (short) | Son of Mursili II; treaty with Egypt ca. 1258 |
| Tudhaliya IV | ca. 1237–1209 BC (short) | Son of Hattusili III; Battle of Nihriya |
| Kurunta | ca. 1228–1227 BC (short) | Son of Muwatalli II; his reign is uncertain; may have ruled for a very brief time in the middle of Tudhaliya's reign. |
| Arnuwanda III | ca. 1209–1207 BC (short) | Son of Tudhaliya IV |
| Suppiluliuma II | ca. 1207–1178 BC (short) | Son of Tudhaliya IV; fall of Hattusa, ca. 1178 |
See also
- History of the Hittites
- Short chronology timeline
- List of Neo-Hittite kings
- Tawananna, for Hittite queens
Notes
- ↑ A revised kinglist is offered in Trvor Bryce, The Kingdom of the Hittites, rev. ed. 2005:xv.
- ↑ Bryce, Trevor (1998). The Kingdom of the Hittites. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-924010-4.
References
- McMahon, G., Hittite History, Biblical Archaeologist 52 (1989), 62 - 77
- Robert S. Hardy, The Old Hittite Kingdom: A Political History, The American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literature, vol. 58, no. 2, pp. 177–216, 1941
External links
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