Debian version history

GNOME Desktop Environment running on Debian 8 (Jessie)

Debian releases do not follow a fixed schedule. Recent releases have been made roughly biennially by the Debian Project.

Debian distribution codenames are based on the names of characters from the Toy Story films. Debian's unstable trunk is named after Sid, a character who regularly destroyed the toys.[1]

Release history

Debian 1.0 was never released as a vendor accidentally shipped a development release with that version number. The package management system dpkg and its front-end dselect were developed and implemented on Debian in a previous release. A transition from the a.out binary format to the ELF binary format had already begun before the planned 1.0 release. The only supported architecture was Intel 80386 (i386).[2]

Debian 1.1 (Buzz)

Debian 1.1 (Buzz), released 17 June 1996, contained 474 packages. Debian had fully transitioned to the ELF binary format and used Linux kernel 2.0.[3]

Debian 1.2 (Rex)

Debian 1.2 (Rex), released 12 December 1996, contained 848 packages maintained by 120 developers.[4]

Debian 1.3 (Bo)

Debian 1.3 (Bo), released 5 June 1997, contained 974 packages maintained by 200 developers.[5]

Debian 2.0 (Hamm)

Debian 2.0 (Hamm), released 24 July 1998, contained over 1,500 packages maintained by over 400 developers. A transition was made to libc6 and Debian was ported to the Motorola 68000 series (m68k) architectures.[6]

Debian 2.1 (Slink)

Debian 2.1 (Slink), released 9 March 1999, contained about 2,250 packages. The front-end APT was introduced for the package management system and Debian was ported to Alpha and SPARC.[7][8]

Debian 2.2 (Potato)

Debian 2.2 (Potato), released 14–15 August 2000, contained 2,600 packages maintained by more than 450 developers. New packages included the display manager GDM, the directory service OpenLDAP, the security software OpenSSH and the mail transfer agent Postfix. Debian was ported to the PowerPC and ARM architectures.[9][10][11]

Debian 3.0 (Woody)

Debian 3.0 (Woody), released 19 July 2002, contained around 8,500 packages maintained by more than 900 developers. KDE was introduced and Debian was ported to the following architectures: IA-64, PA-RISC (hppa), mips and mipsel and IBM ESA/390 (s390).[12][13][14]

Debian 3.1 (Sarge)

Debian 3.1 (Sarge), released 6 June 2005, contained around 15,400 packages. debian-installer and OpenOffice.org were introduced.[15][16]

Debian 4.0 (Etch)

Debian 4.0 (Etch)

Debian 4.0 (Etch), released 8 April 2007, contained around 18,000 packages maintained by more than 1,030 developers. Debian was ported to x86-64 (amd64) and support for the Motorola 68000 series (m68k) architectures was dropped.[17][18] Introduced utf-8 and udev device management by default.

Debian 5.0 (Lenny)

Debian 5.0 (Lenny)

Debian 5.0 (Lenny), released 14 February 2009, contained more than 23,000 packages. Debian was ported to the ARM EABI (armel) architecture.[19][20][21]

Debian 6.0 (Squeeze)

Debian 6.0 (Squeeze) in Spanish

Debian 6.0 (Squeeze), released 6 February 2011, contained more than 29,000 packages. The default Linux kernel included was deblobbed beginning with this release. The web browser Chromium was introduced and Debian was ported to the kfreebsd-i386 and kfreebsd-amd64 architectures and support for the Intel 486, Alpha, and PA-RISC (hppa) architectures was dropped. [22][23][24][25]

Squeeze was the first release of Debian in which non-free firmware components (aka "binary blobs") were excluded from the "main" repository as a matter of policy.[26][27][28][29]

Debian 7 (Wheezy)

Debian 7 (Wheezy)

Debian 7 (Wheezy), released 4 May 2013, contained more than 36,000 packages. Support for UEFI was added and Debian was ported to the armhf and IBM ESA/390 (s390x) architectures.[30][31][32]

Debian 8 (Jessie)

Debian 8 (Jessie)

Debian 8 (Jessie), released 25–26 April 2015, contained more than 43,000 packages, with systemd installed by default instead of init. (sysvinit and upstart packages are provided as alternatives.) Debian was ported to the ARM64 and ppc64le architectures, while support for the IA-64, kfreebsd-amd64 and kfreebsd-i386, IBM ESA/390 (s390) (only the 31-bit variant; the new 64-bit s390x is retained) and SPARC architectures were dropped.[33][34][35]

Debian 9 (Stretch)

Debian 9 (Stretch) was released on 17 June 2017, two years and two months after last release Debian 8 (Jessie), and contained more than 51,000 packages.[36] Major upgrades include the Linux kernel going from version 3.16 to 4.9, GNOME desktop version going from 3.14 to 3.22, KDE Plasma 4 was upgraded to Plasma 5, LibreOffice 4.3 upgraded to 5.2 and Qt upgraded from 4.8 to 5.7. LXQt has been added as well.

The Intel 586 (Pentium), Intel 586/686 hybrid (Pentium with MMX) and PowerPC architectures are no longer supported as of Stretch.[37][38][39]

Debian 10 (Buster)

Debian 10 (Buster) is an upcoming release of the operating system. Buster will contain UEFI SecureBoot Support.[40]

Timetable:[41]

  • 12 January 2019: transition freeze
  • 12 February 2019: soft-freeze
  • 12 March 2019: full freeze

It will contain LibreOffice 6.0, Krita 4.0, Plasma 5.12, KDE Applications 17.08, Qt 5.11, VLC 3.0, and much more.[42]

Debian 11 (Bullseye)

Debian 11 (Bullseye) is also an upcoming release of the operating system.

Debian 12 (Bookworm)

Debian 12 (Bookworm) is also an upcoming release of the operating system.

Release table

Version Status Code name Release date Ports Packages Linux kernel Security support until Long-term support until References
Old version, no longer supported: 0.90 Old version, no longer supported: Obsolete None August–December 1993 1 N/A N/A N/A None [2]
Old version, no longer supported: 0.91 Old version, no longer supported: Obsolete January 1994 N/A N/A N/A [2]
Old version, no longer supported: 0.93R5 Old version, no longer supported: Obsolete March 1995 N/A N/A N/A [2]
Old version, no longer supported: 0.93R6 Old version, no longer supported: Obsolete November 1995 N/A N/A N/A [2]
Old version, no longer supported: 1.0 Old version, no longer supported: Obsolete Never N/A N/A N/A [2]
Old version, no longer supported: 1.1 Old version, no longer supported: Obsolete Buzz 17 June 1996 474 2.0 N/A [2]
Old version, no longer supported: 1.2 Old version, no longer supported: Obsolete Rex 12 December 1996 848 2.0.27 N/A [2][43]
Old version, no longer supported: 1.3 Old version, no longer supported: Obsolete Bo 5 June 1997 974 2.0.33 N/A [2]
Old version, no longer supported: 2.0 Old version, no longer supported: Obsolete Hamm 24 July 1998 2 ≈ 1,500 2.0.34 N/A [2]
Old version, no longer supported: 2.1 Old version, no longer supported: Obsolete Slink 9 March 1999 4 ≈ 2,250 2.0.34, 2.0.35, 2.0.36, 2.0.38 30 October 2000 [2][8][44]
Old version, no longer supported: 2.2 Old version, no longer supported: Obsolete Potato 14–15 August 2000 6 ≈ 3,900 2.0.38, 2.2.19 30 June 2003 [2][10][11]
Old version, no longer supported: 3.0 Old version, no longer supported: Obsolete Woody 19 July 2002 11 ≈ 8,500 2.2.20, 2.4.6 30 June 2006 [2][13][14][45]
Old version, no longer supported: 3.1 Old version, no longer supported: Obsolete Sarge 6 June 2005 ≈ 15,400 2.4.27, 2.6.8 31 March 2008 [2][16][46]
Old version, no longer supported: 4.0 Old version, no longer supported: Obsolete Etch 8 April 2007 ≈ 18,000 2.6.18 15 February 2010 [2][18][47]
Old version, no longer supported: 5.0 Old version, no longer supported: Obsolete Lenny 14 February 2009 12 ≈ 23,000 2.6.26 6 February 2012 [2][20][21]
Old version, no longer supported: 6.0 Old version, no longer supported: Obsolete Squeeze 6 February 2011 11 ≈ 29,000 2.6.32 19 July 2014 29 February 2016 [2][24][25][48][49]
Old version, no longer supported: 7 Old version, no longer supported: Obsolete Wheezy 4 May 2013 13 ≈ 36,000 3.2 26 April 2016 31 May 2018 [2][31][32][50][48]
Older version, yet still supported: 8 class="templateVersion co" style="background-color: #FEF8C6; text-align:left;" title="Older version, yet still supported" data-sort-value="oldstable" | Older version, yet still supported: oldstable Jessie 25–26 April 2015 10 ≈ 43,000 3.16 17 June 2018 30 June 2020 [2][51][35][48]
Current stable version: 9 class="templateVersion c" style="background-color: #D4F4B4; text-align:left;" title="Current stable version" data-sort-value="stable" | Current stable version: stable Stretch 17 June 2017 ≈ 52,000 4.9 2020 June 2022 [2][36][52][53][48]
Future release: 10 class="templateVersion p" style="background-color: #C1E6F5; text-align:left;" title="Future release" data-sort-value="testing" | Future release: testing Buster Mid-2019 TBA ≈ 55,000 to this day TBA TBA TBA [54][55]
Future release: 11 Future release:   Bullseye TBA TBA TBA TBA TBA TBA [56]
Future release: 12 Future release:   Bookworm TBA TBA TBA TBA TBA TBA [57]
N/A unstable Sid Never TBA TBA TBA N/A N/A
Legend:
Old version
Older version, still supported
Latest version
Latest preview version
Future release

When a release transitions to LTS-phase, security is no longer handled by the main Debian security team.[58]

Release timeline

Port timeline

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Debian Releases - Codenames". Debian Wiki. Debian Wiki. Retrieved 25 July 2017.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 "A Brief History of Debian". The Debian Project. Retrieved 23 November 2015.
  3. ↑ "A Brief History of Debian". The Debian Project. Retrieved 23 November 2015. Debian 1.1 Buzz (June 17th, 1996): This was the first Debian release with a code name. It was taken, like all others so far, from a character in one of the Toy Story movies... in this case, Buzz Lightyear. By this time, Bruce Perens had taken over leadership of the Project from Ian Murdock, and Bruce was working at Pixar, the company that produced the movies. This release was fully ELF, used Linux kernel 2.0, and contained 474 packages.
  4. ↑ "A Brief History of Debian". The Debian Project. Retrieved 23 November 2015. Rex is the code name for a former Stable Debian distribution.It was released on December 12th, 1996 as Debian GNU/Linux 1.2: Named for the plastic dinosaur in the Toy Story movies. This release consisted of 848 packages maintained by 120 developers. It was superseded by DebianBo on June 5th, 1997.Rex is now obsolete and security updates are no longer provided.
  5. ↑ "A Brief History of Debian". The Debian Project. Retrieved 23 November 2015. Debian 1.3 Bo (June 5th, 1997): Named for Bo Peep, the shepherdess. This release consisted of 974 packages maintained by 200 developers.
  6. ↑ "A Brief History of Debian". The Debian Project. Retrieved 23 November 2015. Debian 2.0 Hamm (July 24th, 1998): Named for the piggy-bank in the Toy Story movies. This was the first multi-architecture release of Debian, adding support for the Motorola 68000 series architectures. With Ian Jackson as Project Leader, this release made the transition to libc6, and consisted of over 1500 packages maintained by over 400 developers.
  7. ↑ "A Brief History of Debian". The Debian Project. Retrieved 23 November 2015. Debian 2.1 Slink (March 9th, 1999): Named for the slinky-dog in the movie. Two more architectures were added, Alpha and SPARC. With Wichert Akkerman as Project Leader, this release consisted of about 2250 packages and required 2 CDs in the official set. The key technical innovation was the introduction of apt, a new package management interface. Widely emulated, apt addressed issues resulting from Debian's continuing growth, and established a new paradigm for package acquisition and installation on Open Source operating systems.
  8. ↑ "A Brief History of Debian". The Debian Project. Retrieved 23 November 2015. Debian 2.2 Potato (15 August 2000): Named for "Mr Potato Head" in the Toy Story movies. This release added support for the PowerPC and ARM architectures. With Wichert still serving as Project Leader, this release consisted of more than 3900 binary packages derived from over 2600 source packages maintained by more than 450 Debian developers.
  9. 1 2 "Debian GNU/Linux 2.2 ('potato') Release Information". The Debian Project. Retrieved 23 November 2015.
  10. 1 2 "Debian GNU/Linux 2.2, the "Joel 'Espy' Klecker" release, is officially released". The Debian Project. Retrieved 23 November 2015.
  11. ↑ "A Brief History of Debian". The Debian Project. Retrieved 23 November 2015. Debian 3.0 Woody (19 July 2002): Named for the main character the Toy Story movies: "Woody" the cowboy. Even more architectures were added in this release: IA-64, HP PA-RISC, MIPS (big endian), MIPS (little endian) and S/390. This is also the first release to include cryptographic software due to the restrictions for exportation being lightened in the US, and also the first one to include KDE, now that the license issues with QT were resolved. With Bdale Garbee recently appointed Project Leader, and more than 900 Debian developers, this release contained around 8,500 binary packages and 7 binary CDs in the official set.
  12. 1 2 "Debian GNU/Linux 3.0 "woody" Release Information". The Debian Project. Retrieved 23 November 2015.
  13. 1 2 "Debian GNU/Linux 3.0 released". The Debian Project. Retrieved 23 November 2015.
  14. ↑ "A Brief History of Debian". The Debian Project. Retrieved 23 November 2015. Debian 3.1 Sarge (6 June 2005): named for the sergeant of the Green Plastic Army Men. No new architectures were added to the release, although an unofficial AMD64 port was published at the same time and distributed through the new Alioth project hosting site. This release features a new installer: debian-installer, a modular piece of software that feature automatic hardware detection, unattended installation features and was released fully translated to over thirty languages. It was also the first release to include a full office suite: OpenOffice.org. Branden Robinson had just been appointed as Project Leader. This release was made by more than nine hundred Debian developers, and contained around 15,400 binary packages and 14 binary CDs in the official set.
  15. 1 2 "Debian "sarge" Release Information". The Debian Project. Retrieved 23 November 2015.
  16. ↑ "A Brief History of Debian". The Debian Project. Retrieved 23 November 2015. Debian 4.0 Etch (8 April 2007): named for the sketch toy in the movie. One architecture was added in this release: AMD64, and official support for m68k was dropped. This release continued using the debian-installer, but featuring in this release a graphical installer, cryptographic verification of downloaded packages, more flexible partitioning (with support for encrypted partitions), simplified mail configuration, a more flexible desktop selection, simplified but improved localization and new modes, including a rescue mode. New installations would not need to reboot through the installation process as the previous two phases of installation were now integrated. This new installer provided support for scripts using composed characters and complex languages in its graphical version, increasing the number of available translations to over fifty. Sam Hocevar was appointed Project Leader the very same day, and the project included more than one thousand and thirty Debian developers. The release contained around 18,000 binary packages over 20 binary CDs (3 DVDs) in the official set. There were also two binary CDs available to install the system with alternate desktop environments different to the default one.
  17. 1 2 "Debian "etch" Release Information". The Debian Project. Retrieved 23 November 2015.
  18. ↑ "A Brief History of Debian". The Debian Project. Retrieved 23 November 2015. Debian 5.0 Lenny (February 2009): named for the wind up binoculars in the Toy Story movies. One architecture was added in this release: ARM EABI (or armel), providing support for newer ARM processors and deprecating the old ARM port (arm). The m68k port was not included in this release, although it was still provided in the unstable distribution. This release did not feature the FreeBSD port, although much work on the port had been done to make it qualify it did not meet yet the qualification requirements for this release.
  19. 1 2 "Debian "lenny" Release Information". The Debian Project. Retrieved 23 November 2015.
  20. 1 2 "Debian GNU/Linux 5.0 released". The Debian Project. Retrieved 23 November 2015.
  21. ↑ "Debian i386 architecture now requires a 686-class processor". The Debian Project. Retrieved 18 June 2017. Support for 486-class processors was dropped, somewhat accidentally, in squeeze.
  22. ↑ "A Brief History of Debian". The Debian Project. Retrieved 23 November 2015. Debian 6.0 Squeeze (February 2011): named for the green three-eyed aliens. The release was frozen on 6 August 2010, with many of the Debian developers gathered at the 10th Debconf at New York City. While two architectures (alpha and hppa) were dropped, two architectures of the new FreeBSD port (kfreebsd-i386 and kfreebsd-amd64) were made available as technology preview, including the kernel and userland tools as well as common server software (though not advanced desktop features yet). This was the first time a Linux distribution has been extended to also allow use of a non-Linux kernel.
  23. 1 2 "Debian "squeeze" Release Information". The Debian Project. Retrieved 23 November 2015.
  24. 1 2 "Debian 6.0 Squeeze released". The Debian Project. Retrieved 23 November 2015.
  25. ↑ "Debian aims for FSF endorsement - The H Open: News and Features". H-online.com. Retrieved 8 September 2018.
  26. ↑ "Debian -- News -- Debian 6.0 "Squeeze" to be released with completely free Linux Kernel". Debian.org. Retrieved 8 September 2018.
  27. ↑ Proffitt, Brian. "Debian GNU/Linux seeks alignment with Free Software Foundation". Retrieved 8 September 2018.
  28. ↑ "squeeze your non-free firmware away". Upsilon.cc. Retrieved 8 September 2018.
  29. ↑ "A Brief History of Debian". The Debian Project. Retrieved 23 November 2015. Debian 7.0 Wheezy (May 2013): named for the rubber toy penguin with a red bow tie. One architecture was included in this release (armhf) and this release introduced multi-arch support, which allowed users to install packages from multiple architectures on the same machine. Improvements in the installation process allowed visually impaired people to install the system using software speech for the first time. This was also the first release that supported the installation and booting in devices using UEFI firmware.
  30. 1 2 "Debian "wheezy" Release Information". The Debian Project. Retrieved 23 November 2015.
  31. 1 2 "Debian 7.0 Wheezy released". The Debian Project. Retrieved 23 November 2015.
  32. ↑ "A Brief History of Debian". The Debian Project. Retrieved 23 November 2015. Debian 8 Jessie (April 2015): named for the cowgirl doll who first appeared in Toy Story 2.
  33. ↑ "Debian "jessie" Release Information". The Debian Project. Retrieved 23 November 2015.
  34. 1 2 "Debian 8 Jessie released". The Debian Project. Retrieved 23 November 2015.
  35. 1 2 "Release of stretch on 2017-06-17". Debian.org. 17 June 2017. Retrieved 2017-08-28.
  36. ↑ "Debian i386 architecture now requires a 686-class processor". Last year it was decided to increase the minimum CPU features for the i386 architecture to 686-class in the stretch release cycle. This means dropping support for 586-class and hybrid 586/686 processors[1].(Support for 486-class processors was dropped, somewhat accidentally, in squeeze.) This was implemented in the Linux kernel packages starting with Linux 4.3, which was uploaded to unstable in December last year. In case you missed that change, gcc for i386 has recently been changed to target 686-class processors and is generating code that will crash on other processors. Any such systems still running testing or unstable will need to be switched to run stable (jessie). The older processors will continue to be supported in jessie until at least 2018, and until 2020 if i386 is included in jessie LTS. The following processors, supported in jessie, are now unspported: * AMD K5, K6, K6-2, (aka K6 3D), K6-3 * DM&P/SiS Vortex86, Vortex86SX * Cyrix III, MediaGX, MediaGXm * IDT Winchip C6, Winchip 2 * Intel Pentium, Pentium with MMX * Rise mP6 * VIA C3 'Samuel 2', C3 'Ezra'
  37. ↑ "Release architectures for Debian 9 'Stretch'". The only change from Jessie is the removal of powerpc as a release architecture. We discussed this at length, and eventually took the view that the least disservice to users of that port is to provide reasonable notice of its discontinuation. We recognise and acknowledge that discontinuing any port is unavoidably disruptive. The question of whether powerpc remains an architecture in the main archive or moves to ports is one for FTP masters, not the release team.
  38. ↑ "Debian Is Dropping Support for Older 32-bit Hardware Architectures in Debian 9". The change has already been implemented to the Linux kernel 4.3 packages, which have been uploaded to the Debian Unstable repositories last year. And today users are being informed to move to Debian GNU/Linux 8 "Jessie" if they're still using Debian on older computers powered by i586 or i486 processors. If i386 support is to be included in the Debian GNU/Linux 8 "Jessie" release, which should enter LTS (Long Term Support) stage from May 2018, the operating system will then support older 32-bit processors until the year 2020.
  39. ↑ Larabel, Michael (30 April 2018). "Debian Making Progress On UEFI SecureBoot Support In 2018". Phoronix. Phoronix Media. Retrieved 23 May 2018.
  40. ↑ Larabel, Michael (16 April 2018). "Debian 10 "Buster" Should Be Out Around Mid-2019, Debian 12 Is "Bookworm"". Phoronix. Phoronix Media. Retrieved 23 May 2018.
  41. ↑ "DistroWatch.com: Debian". DistroWatch.com. Unsigned Integer Limited. 23 May 2018. Retrieved 23 May 2018.
  42. ↑ Bruce Perens (12 December 1996). "Debian 1.2 Released". The Debian Project.
  43. ↑ "[SECURITY] Security policy for Debian 2.1 (slink) (updated)". The Debian Project. Retrieved 23 November 2015.
  44. ↑ "Security Support for Debian 3.0 to be terminated". The Debian Project. Retrieved 23 November 2015.
  45. ↑ "Security Support for Debian 3.1 to be terminated". The Debian Project. Retrieved 23 November 2015.
  46. ↑ "Security Support for Debian 4.0 to be terminated". The Debian Project. Retrieved 23 November 2015.
  47. 1 2 3 4 "LTS". The Debian Project. Retrieved 23 November 2015.
  48. ↑ "[SECURITY] [DSA 2907-1] Announcement of long term support for Debian oldstable". The Debian Project. Retrieved 23 November 2015.
  49. ↑ "Debian 6.0 Long Term Support reaching end-of-life". The Debian Project. Retrieved 1 March 2016.
  50. ↑ "Debian "Jessie" Release Information". The Debian Project. Retrieved 23 November 2015.
  51. ↑ "DebianStretch - Debian Wiki". Wiki.debian.org. Retrieved 9 April 2018.
  52. ↑ "Debian "stretch" Release Information". The Debian Project. Retrieved 23 November 2015.
  53. ↑ Wiltshire, Jonathan. "Release Team Sprint Results". The Debian Project. Retrieved 22 January 2016.
  54. ↑ Monfort, Emilio Pozuelo (2018-04-16). "Bits from the release team: full steam ahead towards buster". The Debian Project.
  55. ↑ Wiltshire, Jonathan. "Bits from the release team: Winter is Coming (but not to South Africa)". The Debian Project. Retrieved 7 July 2016.
  56. ↑ Pozuelo Monfort, Emilio. "Bits from the release team: full steam ahead towards buster". The Debian Project. Retrieved 16 April 2018.
  57. ↑ "LTS - Debian Wiki". Wiki.debian.org. Retrieved 2017-10-25. Debian Long Term Support (LTS) is a project to extend the lifetime of all Debian stable releases to (at least) 5 years. [..] Thus the Debian LTS team takes over security maintenance of the various releases once the Debian Security team stops its work.

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