List of Black Fridays
Black Friday is a term used to refer to certain events which occur on a Friday. It has been used in the following cases:
Specific events
- Black Friday (1688), imprisonment of the Seven Bishops of the Church of England (8 June), on the eve of the Glorious Revolution.[1]
- Panic of 1866, sometimes referred to as Black Friday, an international financial downturn that accompanied the failure of Overend, Gurney and Company in London
- Black Friday (1869), the Fisk-Gould Scandal (24 September), a financial crisis in the United States.
- Black Friday (1881), the Eyemouth disaster (14 October), in which 189 fishermen died.
- Haymarket affair (11 November 1887), four Chicago anarchists hanged, without evidence, for the deaths of seven police officers during a labor meeting.
- Black Friday (1910), a campaign outside the British House of Commons (18 November) of the Women's Social and Political Union after the Conciliation Bill failed.
- Black Friday (1919), the Battle of George Square (31 January), a riot stemming from industrial unrest in Glasgow, Scotland.
- Black Friday (1921), the announcement of British transport union leaders (15 April) not to call for strike action against wage reductions for miners.
- Black Friday (1939), a day of devastating bushfires (13 January) in Victoria, Australia, which killed 71 people.
- Black Friday (1942), an air raid on Dartmouth, Devon (18 September).
- Black Friday (1944), a disastrous attack by The Black Watch (Royal Highland Regiment) of Canada (13 October) near Woensdrecht during the Battle of the Scheldt.
- Black Friday (1945), an air battle over Sunnfjord (9 February), the largest over Norway.
- Hollywood Black Friday (5 October 1945), a riot at the Warner Bros. studios stemming from a Confederation of Studio Unions (CSU) strike leading to the eventual breakup of the CSU.
- 1950 Red River Flood, which burst several dikes flooding much of Winnipeg, Manitoba (5 May).
- The cancellation of the Avro Arrow (20 February 1959), which resulted in massive layoffs in the Canadian Aerospace industry.
- Black Friday (1960), San Francisco City protest against the House Un-American Activities Committee.
- Black Friday (1963), the assassination of US President John F Kennedy in Dallas, Texas on 22 November 1963.
- Black Friday (1978), a massacre of protesters in Iran (8 September).
- 1985 United States-Canadian tornado outbreak/The Barrie Tornado, (31 May 1985).
- Edmonton tornado (31 July 1987), a tornado touching down in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
- Friday the 13th mini-crash (13 October 1989), a stock market crash referred to by some as the "Black Friday" crash
- Black Friday, an event on 1992 where the screenplay for Aladdin was entirely rewritten by Jeffrey Katzenberg's order.
- Black Friday (1993), a series of bomb explosions in Mumbai, India
- Black Friday (19 November 1993), when production of the Pixar film Toy Story was nearly shut down due to negative reception to the reel by the Disney executives.
- Murder of Selena (31 March 1995), nicknamed by Hispanics as "Black Friday" when American singer Selena was killed.
- Uphaar Cinema fire (13 June 1997), in New Delhi, India.
- Black Friday (Maldives) (13 August 2004), a crackdown in Malé, Maldives on peaceful protesters.
- Black Friday (2005), student protesters killed in Meghalaya, India (30 September).
- 2009 Jakarta bombings, terrorist attacks at hotels (17 July), referred to as Black Friday by the Jakarta Post.
- Black Friday (2011), several online poker sites seized (15 April) as a result of United States v. Scheinberg et al..
- Black Friday (2015), terrorist attacks in France, Kuwait, Syria and Tunisia (26 June), also called Bloody Friday in English.
- November 2015 Paris attacks (13 November 2015), referred to as Black Friday (vendredi noir) by several media outlets[2][3]
Repetitive events
- Black Friday (partying), the last Friday before Christmas
- Black Friday (shopping), the Friday after U.S. Thanksgiving Day, when shopping is extremely popular and traditionally the start of Christmas shopping.
- Good Friday or Black Friday, a Christian observance of Jesus' crucifixion
- Dark Friday. The last Friday in spring where darkness falls before 20:00 (UK)
References
- ↑ Thomas Babington Macaulay, The History Of England From the Accession of James II, Vol. II, Chapter VIII, pg 332, Donohue, Henneberry & Co., Chicago 1890. s:The History Of England From the Accession of James II/Chapter VIII#II.332
- ↑ Frédéric Ploquin (14 November 2015). "Vendredi noir à Paris". Marianne.
- ↑ John Lichfield (15 November 2015). "Paris attacks: We are all victims of Black Friday". The Independent.
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