Lincoln–Kennedy coincidences urban legend

Abraham Lincoln

John F. Kennedy

Claimed coincidences connecting U.S. Presidents Abraham Lincoln and John F. Kennedy are a piece of American folklore of unknown origin. The list of coincidences appeared in the mainstream American press in 1964, a year after the assassination of John F. Kennedy, having appeared prior to that in the G.O.P. Congressional Committee Newsletter.^[1][2] Martin Gardner examined the list in an article in Scientific American, later reprinted in his book, The Magic Numbers of Dr. Matrix.^[3] Gardner's version of the list contained 16 items; many subsequent versions have circulated much longer lists. The list is still in circulation today, having endured in the popular imagination for over 50 years. In 1992, the Skeptical Inquirer ran a "Spooky Presidential Coincidences Contest." One winner found a series of sixteen similar coincidences between Kennedy and former Mexican President Álvaro Obregón, while the other came up with similar lists for twenty-one pairs of US Presidents.^[4]

The list

An example of the list is presented here for illustration. Some urban folklorists have postulated that the list provided a way for people to make sense of two tragic events in American history by seeking out patterns.^[5] Gardner and others have said that it is relatively easy to find seemingly meaningful patterns relating any two people or events.

• Both presidents were elected to the House of Representatives in '46.
• Both presidents were non-masons and both of their successors were masons (non-mason presidents replaced with mason power).
• Both were losing candidates for their party's vice-presidential nomination in '56.
• Both presidents were elected to the presidency in '60.
• Both died after being shot in the head.
• Lincoln defeated incumbent Vice President John C. Breckinridge for the presidency in 1860; Kennedy defeated incumbent Vice President Richard M. Nixon for the presidency in 1960.
• Both their predecessors were the last presidents to be born in their respective centuries.
• Both their predecessors left office in their seventies and retired to Pennsylvania. James Buchanan, whom Lincoln succeeded, retired to Lancaster Township; Dwight D. Eisenhower, whom Kennedy succeeded, retired to Gettysburg. They both then died before the end of the decade.
• Both their Vice Presidents and successors were Southern Democrats named Johnson (Andrew Johnson and Lyndon B. Johnson) who were born in '08.
• Both presidents were concerned with issues affecting Black Americans and made their views strongly known in '63. Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation in 1862, which took effect in 1863. In 1963, Kennedy presented his reports to Congress on issues related to the Civil Rights Movement, and in June of that year delivered his Civil Rights Address on radio and television in which he proposed the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
• Both presidents, and their successors, conferred with a nationally known black leader about civil rights. Both Lincoln and Andrew Johnson conferred with Frederick Douglass. Both Kennedy and Lyndon Johnson conferred with Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.
• Both presidents were known for their wit and eloquence, and both frequently quoted Shakespeare and the Bible in their speeches.
• Both presidents had been captains of ships in their private lives: Lincoln on a river boat, and Kennedy on PT-109.
• Each president suffered from a genetic disease. Lincoln had Marfan's syndrome. Kennedy had Addison's disease.
• Both presidents were shot in the head on a Friday seated beside their wives. Both Fridays preceded a major holiday observed within the week.
• During the assassination, they were sitting in an alphabetical pattern. Their spouses first name and both president's last name. J,K,L,M- Jackie, Kennedy, Lincoln, Mary. Jackie was seated to the left of Kennedy and Mary to the right of Lincoln.
• Both presidents were accompanied by another couple.
• The male companion of the other couple was wounded by the assassin.
• Both presidents fathered four children, and had a son die during his presidency.
• Both presidents had only one child survive into the next century. That child served another president by political appointment.
• Both presidents' wives died in their sixties after an untimely decline in health, during the administration of a president who had seen their husbands in Washington, D.C. the same year as the assassination (Mary Todd Lincoln died during the presidency of Chester A. Arthur. Arthur had attended President Lincoln's 1865 inauguration. Jacqueline Kennedy died during the presidency of Bill Clinton. Clinton met President Kennedy in 1963 during a Boys State summer program).
• Lincoln was shot by John Wilkes Booth at Ford's Theatre; Kennedy was shot by Lee Harvey Oswald in a Lincoln automobile, made by Ford.
• Both presidents' last names have 7 letters.
• Both assassins' full names have 15 letters.
• Each assassin committed his crime in the building where he was employed.
• Both presidents were purportedly smiling immediately before the assassination began.
• After shooting Lincoln, Booth ran from a theatre to a warehouse; after shooting Kennedy, Oswald ran from a warehouse to a theatre.
• Both assassins died in the same month as their victim in a state adjacent to the state of their birth.
• Both assassins were Southern white males born in the late '30s, who were in their mid-20s, and were 5'8" in height with hazel eyes and brown hair.
• Both assassins were sympathetic to a government that opposed the United States, and both had once resided within that government's borders.
• Both assassins were killed before being tried, by men who were reared in the North, changed their name as adults, and were bachelors.
• Both assassins suffered injuries during escape.
• Both assassins fled using modes of transportation they did not own. Booth rented a horse, Oswald rode a bus.
• Both presidents had body guards named William, William H. Crook told Lincoln not to go to the assassination point, William Greer drove JFK to the assassination point.
• Both bodyguards named William died within 48 hours of being aged 75 years, 5 months.
• Presidential security was heavily criticized, after each assassination, for being too lax.
• Lincoln sat in box number 7 at Ford's Theater; Kennedy sat in car number 7 in the motorcade.
• The doctors who primarily attended to each president were both named Charles. Dr. Charles Leale treated Lincoln. Dr. Charles Crenshaw treated Kennedy.
• Each president died in a place with the initials "P.H." Lincoln died at the Petersen House and Kennedy died at Parkland Hospital.
• Kennedy was the second president in U.S. history who issued interest-free money. The first was Lincoln, who issued greenbacks to finance the American Civil War.

Musical legacy

Buddy Starcher wrote a song recounting many of these coincidences and parallels between the two presidents' careers and deaths entitled "History Repeats Itself." It became a U.S. Top 40 hit for him during the spring of 1966,^[6] and reached number two on the Country chart. Cab Calloway also scored a minor chart hit with the song that same year.

See also

• Birthday problem
• Data dredging
• Kennedy curse

References

External links

• "Linkin' Kennedy" article at Snopes.com