Rhaponticum

Rhaponticum
Rhaponticum scariosum
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Eudicots
(unranked): Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Tribe: Cynareae [1]
Genus: Rhaponticum
Vaill. 1754 not Ludw. 1757 nor Adans. 1763 nor Haller 1742[1]
Synonyms[1]
Rhaponticum coniferum - MHNT

Rhaponticum a.k.a. Maral Root is a genus of plants in the thistle tribe within the sunflower family.[2][3]

Description

Rhaponticum species are perennial herbaceous plants with simple, rarely branched stems. The leaves are simple to pinnatifid. The inflorescence is on the apex of the stem. The fruit is an achene with a hairy pappus.[4]

Traditional Medicinal use

Maral root used in folk medicine for:

- To increase physical and mental stress. - To strengthen the efficiency of body. - To restore vigor. - To reduce feelings of fatigue, irritability. - To increase libido and potency (due to the high content of ekdistena).

"Maral root" can be used for athletes preparing for a competition, because:

- Increases the amplitude of the pulsation of the heart. - Expands peripheral blood vessels and increases blood flow velocity. - Displays the lactic acid from the muscle. - Improves endurance exercise capacity, reduces the feeling of fatigue.

List of species

Species[1][5][6][7]
  1. Rhaponticum acaule (L.) DC. - Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya
  2. Rhaponticum aulieatense Iljin - Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan
  3. Rhaponticum australe (Gaudich.) - Austral cornflower, native thistle - Queensland, Victoria
  4. Rhaponticum berardioides (Batt.) Dobignard - Morocco
  5. Rhaponticum canariense DC. - Canary Islands
  6. Rhaponticum carthamoides (Willd.) Iljin - maral root - Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Xinjiang, Russia (Altai Krai, Chita, Irkutsk)
  7. Rhaponticum centauroides (L.) O.Bolòs - France, Spain
  8. Rhaponticum coniferum (L.) Greuter - Spain, Portugal, France, Italy, Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia
  9. Rhaponticum cossonianum (Ball) Greuter - Morocco
  10. Rhaponticum exaltatum (Willk.) Greuter - Spain, Portugal, Morocco
  11. Rhaponticum heleniifolium Godr. & Gren. - Austria, Switzerland, France, Italy
  12. Rhaponticum hierroi (Eren.) Kangay - Turkey
  13. Rhaponticum insigne (Boiss.) Wagenitz - Iran, Turkey
  14. Rhaponticum integrifolium C.Winkl. - Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan
  15. Rhaponticum karatavicum Iljin - Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan
  16. Rhaponticum longifolium (Hoffmanns. & Link) Dittrich - Morocco
  17. Rhaponticum lyratum C.Winkl. ex Iljin - Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan
  18. Rhaponticum namanganicum Iljin - Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan
  19. Rhaponticum nanum Lipsky - Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Afghanistan
  20. Rhaponticum nitidum Fisch. - Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Altai Krai
  21. Rhaponticum orientale (Serg.) Peshkova
  22. Rhaponticum pulchrum Fisch. & C.A.Mey. - Azerbaijan, Republic of Georgia, Iran, Afghanistan
  23. Rhaponticum repens (L.) Hidalgo - Russian knapweed, creeping knapweed, hardheads, blueweed - Central Asia; naturalized in Europe, southwest Asia, Australia, North America
  24. Rhaponticum scariosum Lam. - France, Italy, Switzerland, Slovenia
  25. Rhaponticum serratuloides (Georgi) Bobrov - Baltic States, Belarus, Ukraine, Romania, European Russia, Moldova, Altai Krai, Turkey, Kazakhstan
Formerly included[1]

Several species are now relegated to other genera: Centaurea, Klasea, Ochrocephala, Stemmacantha, and Synurus.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 Flann, C (ed) 2009+ Global Compositae Checklist Archived 2014-11-06 at Archive.is
  2. ↑ Vaillant, Sébastien. 1754. Der Konigliche Akademie der Wissenschaften in Paris Physische Abhandlungen 5: 177
  3. ↑ Tropicos, Rhaponticum Vaill.
  4. ↑ Rhaponticum. Flora of China.
  5. ↑ Hidalgo, O., et al. (2006). Phylogeny of Rhaponticum (Asteraceae, Cardueae–Centaureinae) and related genera inferred from nuclear and chloroplast DNA sequence data: taxonomic and biogeographic implications. Annals of Botany 97(5), 705-14.
  6. ↑ "Rhaponticum". National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).
  7. ↑ GRIN Species Records of Rhaponticum. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).
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