La solidaridad

La solidaridad

Type	Biweekly newspaper
Format	Broadsheet
Editor	Graciano López Jaena Marcelo H. del Pilar Jose Rizal
Founded	1889
Political alignment	Independent
Language	Spanish
Ceased publication	1895

Part of a series on the
History of the Philippines
Prehistory (pre–900) Paleolithic age Awidon Mesa Formation Callao Limestone Formation Neolithic age Callao and Tabon peoples Arrival of the Negritos Austronesian expansion Angono Petroglyphs Lal-lo and Gattaran Shell Middens Jade culture Iron age Sa Huyun Culture Society of the Igorot Ancient barangays Events/Artifacts Balangay grave goods Manunggul Jar Prehistoric gems Sa Huyun-Kalanay Complex Maitum Anthropomorphic Pottery
Archaic epoch (900–1565) Historically documented city-states/polities (by geography from North to South) Samtoy chieftaincy Caboloan Tondo Namayan Rajahnate of Maynila Ma-i Madja-as Chiefdom of Taytay Rajahnate of Cebu Kedatuan of Dapitan Rajahnate of Butuan Sultanate of Maguindanao Lanao confederacy Sultanate of Sulu Legendary Suwarnapumi Chryse Ophir Tawalisi Wāḳwāḳ Sanfotsi Zabag kingdom Ten Bornean Datus Events/Artifacts Maragtas Laguna Copperplate Inscription Butuan Ivory Seal Limestone tombs Batanes citadels Golden Tara Gold Kinnara Ticao Stone Inscription Butuan Silver Paleograph Buddhist art Majapahit conflict Brunei War
Colonial period (1565–1946) Spanish era Voyage of Ferdinand Magellan Battle of Mactan Voyage of Miguel López de Legazpi Spanish capture of Manila New Spain Captaincy General Spanish East Indies Manila galleon Revolts and uprisings Chinese invasion Sulu Sea pirates Dutch invasions British invasion Propaganda Movement Cavite Mutiny La Liga Filipina Katipunan Cry of Pugad Lawin Philippine Revolution Tejeros Convention Republic of Biak-na-Bato Spanish–American War Battle of Manila Bay American capture of Manila Declaration of Independence Malolos Congress First Republic Philippine–American War American colonial period Tagalog Republic Negros Republic Zamboanga Republic Moro Rebellion Insular Government Jones Law Tydings–McDuffie Act Commonwealth Japanese occupation Fall of Bataan and Corregidor Second Republic Battle of Leyte Gulf Liberation of the Philippines
Post-colonial period (1946–1986) Treaty of Manila Third Republic Hukbalahap Rebellion Filipino First policy New Society & Fourth Republic CPP–NPA–NDF rebellion Moro Conflict People Power Revolution
Contemporary history (1986–present) Mount Pinatubo eruption 1997 Asian financial crisis 2000 All-out war against MILF 2001 EDSA Revolution EDSA III Oakwood mutiny Typhoon Yolanda Philippine Drug War
By topic Ancient religions Rulers List of Queen consorts Military Political Communications Transportation Filipino Americans
Timeline
Archaeology
Philippines portal

La Solidaridad (The Solidarity) was an organization created in Spain on December 13, 1888. Composed of Filipino liberals exiled in 1872 and students attending Europe's universities, the organization aimed to increase Spanish awareness of the needs of its colony, the Philippines, and to propagate a closer relationship between the colony and Spain.^[1]

Headed by José Rizal's cousin, Galicano Apacible, it also issued a newspaper of the same name which was published in Barcelona, Spain on February 15, 1889. It was edited by Graciano López Jaena and later on by Marcelo H. del Pilar.^[2] The social, cultural, and economic conditions of the colonial Philippines was published in La Solidaridad. Speeches of the Spanish liberals about the Philippines was also featured in the newspaper.

Members

• Dr. José Rizal (Laong Laan and Dimasalang)
• Marcelo H. del Pilar (Plaridel)
• Graciano Lopez Jaena (Diego Laura)
• Antonio Luna (Taga-Ilog)
• Mariano Ponce (Tikbalang, Kalipulako, Naning)
• Jose Maria Panganiban (Jomapa)
• Dominador Gomez (Ramiro Franco)

Staff of La Solidaridad

Trivia

• Laong-Laan (José Rizal's pen name) used as the same name of a railway station
• Graciano Lopez Jaena was the founder of La Solidaridad
• Pepe is the first pen name that Rizal used and he also used this for his artwork "Sa Aking Mga Kabata"

History

La Solidaridad was established to express the goal of the Propaganda Movement towards achieving assimilation with Spain.^[3] The first issue of La Solidaridad came out on February 15, 1889. A fortnightly and a bi-weekly newspaper, La Solidaridad serves as the principal organ of the Reform Movement in Spain.^[2]

Comite de Propaganda in the Philippines funded the publication of the La Solidaridad. The editorship for the newspaper was first offered to Rizal. However, he refused because during that time he was annotating Antonio de Morga's Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas in London. After Rizal, Graciano López Jaena was offered for the editorship of La Solidaridad and he accepted.^[2]

On April 25, 1889, La Solidaridad published the letter entitled "The aspirations of the Filipinos" which was written by the Asociación Hispano-Filipina de Madrid (English: Hispanic Filipino Association of Madrid).^[3] It pursued desires for:^[4]

• Representation in the Cortes
• Abolition of censure
• An expressed and definite prohibition of the existing practices of exiling residents by purely administrative order, and without a writ of execution from the courts of justice.

On December 15, 1889, Marcelo H. del Pilar replaced Graciano López Jaena as the editor of La Solidaridad.^[2][3] Under his editorship, the aims of the newspaper expanded. His articles caught the attention of Spanish leaders and ministers.^[3] Using propaganda, it pursued desires for:

• That the Philippines be a province of Spain
• Representation Filipino priests instead of Spanish friars — Augustinians, Dominicans, and Franciscans — in parishes and remote sitios
• Freedom of assembly and speech
• Equal rights before the law (for both Filipino and Spanish plaintiffs)

After years of publication from 1889 to 1895, funding of the La Solidaridad became scarce. Comite de Propaganda's contribution to the newspaper stopped and del Pilar funded the newspaper almost on his own. Penniless in Spain, del Pilar stopped the publication of La Solidaridad on November 15, 1895, with 7 volumes and 160 issues. In del Pilar's farewell editorial, he said :

Notable contributors

Several writers contributed to La Solidaridad over its six years of existence, like Antonio Luna, Anastacio Carpio, Mariano Ponce, Antonio M.^a Regidor, Jose Maria Panganiban, Isabelo de los Reyes, Eduardo de Lete, José Alejandrino, and Pedro Paterno. One of the most prolific contributors though was Rizal's confidant Ferdinand Blumentritt, whose impassioned defense of the Filipino interests was said to have been inspirational to the other writers and the readers of the newspaper alike.^[3]

See also

• Philippine literature in Spanish
• Philippine Revolution

Notes

References

• Constantino, Renato. A Past Revisited. Quezon City: Tala Publications, 1975.
• Zaide, Sonia M. and Gregorio F. Zaide. The Philippines: A Unique Nation. Manila: All-Nations Publishing, 1999.
• Zaide, Gregorio F. Philippine History and Government. National Bookstore Printing Press, 1984.

External links

• La Solidaridad at the MSC Institute of Technology
• The Philippine Revolution - La Solidaridad