LPWAN
A low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) or low-power wide-area (LPWA) network or low-power network (LPN) is a type of wireless telecommunication wide area network designed to allow long range communications at a low bit rate among things (connected objects), such as sensors operated on a battery.[1][2] The low power, low bit rate and intended use distinguish this type of network from a wireless WAN that is designed to connect users or businesses, and carry more data, using more power. The LPWAN data rate ranges from 0.3 kbit/s to 50 kbit/s per channel.[3]
A LPWAN may be used to create a private wireless sensor network, but may also be a service or infrastructure offered by a third party, allowing the owners of sensors to deploy them in the field without investing in gateway technology.
Platforms and technologies
There are a number of competing standards and vendors in the LPWAN space, the most prominent of which include[4]:
Chirp spread spectrum based
- LoRa is a proprietary, chirp spread spectrum (CSS) radio modulation technology for LPWAN used by LoRaWAN, Haystack Technologies, and Symphony Link.[5]
Ultra-narrow band
Ultra-narrow band (UNB), modulation technology used for LPWAN by various companies including:
- Sigfox, UNB-based technology and French company.[6]
- Telensa[7] A Cambridge based company using UNB-based technology to connect and control streetlights and other city infrastructure.
- Nwave,[8] proprietary technology developed in cooperation with MIT. Its first release without error correcting codes also forms the basis of the Weightless-N open protocol.[9][10]
- Weightless, a set of communication standards from the Weightless SIG.[11]
- NB-Fi Protocol, developed by WAVIoT company.[12]
Others
- DASH7 Mode 2 development framework for low power wireless networks, by Haystack Technologies.[13] Runs over many wireless radio standards like LoRa, LTE, 802.15.4g, and others.
- LTE Advanced for Machine Type Communications (LTE-MTC), an evolution of LTE communications for connected things by 3GPP.[14]
- MySensors, DIY Home Automation framework supporting different radios including LoRa.
- NarrowBand IoT (NB-IOT), standardization effort by 3GPP for a LPWAN used in cellular networks,[15] that evolved from Huawei's NB-CIoT effort.[16]
- Random phase multiple access (RPMA), technology from Ingenu,[17] formerly known as On-Ramp Wireless.
- Taggle Byron. A Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) technology from Taggle Systems in Australia. "How Taggle is spreading LPWAN across Australia"
See also
References
- ↑ Beser, Nurettin Burcak. "Operating cable modems in a low power mode." U.S. Patent No. 7,389,528. 17 June 2008.
- ↑ Schwartzman, Alejandro, and Chrisanto Leano. "Methods and apparatus for enabling and disabling cable modem receiver circuitry." U.S. Patent No. 7,587,746. 8 September 2009.
- ↑ Ferran Adelantado, Xavier Vilajosana, Pere Tuset-Peiro, Borja Martinez, Joan Melià-Seguí and Thomas Watteyne. Understanding the Limits of LoRaWAN (January 2017).
- ↑ Ramon Sanchez-Iborra; Maria-Dolores Cano (2016). "State of the Art in LP-WAN Solutions for Industrial IoT Services". Sensors. 16: 708. doi:10.3390/s16050708.
- ↑ "LoRa Integration - Link Labs". Link Labs. Retrieved 2016-02-01.
- ↑ "SIGFOX Technology". Retrieved 2016-02-01.
- ↑ "UNB Wireless - Telensa". Telensa. Retrieved 2016-02-01.
- ↑ https://www.nwave.io/
- ↑ Nwave
- ↑ "Nwave Network | Nwave". www.nwave.io. Retrieved 2016-02-01.
- ↑ "Weightless-N - Weightless". www.weightless.org. Retrieved 2016-02-01.
- ↑ "What is NB-Fi Protocol – WAVIoT LPWAN". WAVIoT LPWAN. Retrieved 2018-05-18.
- ↑ "Framework Details". haystacktechnologies.com. Retrieved 2016-02-01.
- ↑ Flynn, Kevin. "Evolution of LTE in Release 13". www.3gpp.org. Retrieved 2016-02-01.
- ↑ "LTE-M, NB-LTE-M, & NB-IOT: Three 3GPP IoT Technologies To Get Familiar With". Link Labs. Retrieved 2016-02-01.
- ↑ Huawei. "Huawei and partners Leading NB-IoT Standardization -- PHOENIX, Sept. 21, 20 15 /PR Newswire UK/ --". www.prnewswire.co.uk. Retrieved 2016-02-01.
- ↑ "Ingenu's RPMA Technology". Ingenu. Retrieved 2016-02-01.