Kunkunshi

Kunkunshi for the first verse of the Okinawan folk song
てぃんさぐぬ花 (Tinsagu nu Hana)

Kunkunshi (工工四  (Central Okinawan) pronounced [kuŋkunshiː]) is the traditional notation system by which music is recorded in the Ryukyu Islands. The term kunkunshi originally referred to the first three notes of a widely known Chinese melody, although today it is used almost exclusively in reference to the sheet music.[1]

Kunkunshi is believed to have been first developed by Mongaku Terukina or by his student Choki Yakabi in the early to mid-1700s. However, it was not until the end of the 19th century that the form became standardized for writing sanshin music.[2] Yakabi is attributed to having written the earliest known, surviving collection of kunkunshi. The Yakabi Kunkunshi consists of 117 compositions written in the kaki nagashi style. In this form, the sanshin finger positions are written in a flowing style with no indication of rhythm. [3]

Okinawan Sanshin

Scale and Reading of the Sanshin with the Relative Tonic sol-fa Reading[4]
Open StringIndex FingerMiddle FingerLittle Finger
Male String
（男弦）		 合 (ai)乙 (otsu)老 (rō)下老 (shitarō)
DoReMiFa
Middle String
（中弦）		 四 (shi)上 (jō)中 (chū)尺 (shaku)尺♯ (shaku sharp)下尺 (shita shaku)
FaSoLaTi♭TiDo
Female String
（女弦）		 工 (kō)五 (go)六 (roku)七 (shichi)八 (hachi)九 (kyū)
DoReMiFaSoLa
Characters only Appearing in Vocal Pitch Transcription
才 (sai)汎 (bon)勺 (shaku)
SoLaTi

Notes

  1. ↑ Garfias 1993, p. 117.
  2. ↑ Thompson 2008, p. 317.
  3. ↑ Thompson 2008, p. 317; Garfias 1993, p. 117.
  4. ↑ 門内 2003.

References

  • Garfias, Robert (1993). "The Okinawan Kunkunshi Notation System and Its Role in the Dissemination of the Shuri Court Music Tradition". Asian Music. 25 (1/2): 115–144. doi:10.2307/834193. JSTOR 834193.
  • Thompson, Robin (2008). "The music of Ryukyu". In Tokita, Alison; Hughes, David W. The Ashgate research companion to Japanese music. Aldershot, Hampshire, England: Ashgate Publishing Limited. ISBN 9780754656999.
  • 門内, 良彦, ed. (July 14, 2003). 沖縄三線初歩の初歩入門. ドレミ楽譜出版社. ISBN 9784810833720.


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