Krauatungalung people

One of the Krauatungalung, c. 1904.

The Krauatungalung were an indigenous Australian tribe of East Gippsland, in Victoria. They are now extinct. According to Norman Tindale, their inclusion as one of the 5 tribes constituting the Gunai is artificial.[1] Their descendants now identify themselves with the GunaiKurnai nation.

Name

According to A. W. Howitt the ethnonym Krauatungalung is composed of krauat (east) and -galung, a suffix meaning 'of'/'belonging to'.[2] In their own language, they referred to themselves as Mukdhang, meaning 'good (mak) speech' (ðang)

Country

The Krauatungalung possessed an estimated 2,200 sq. miles of tribal territory, from Cape Everard (Point Hicks) to Lakes Entrance. It covered several rivers, the Cann, Brodribb, Buchan, and the Snowy River. Its inland boundary was at the Black Mountain.[1]

Alternative names

  • Kroatungolung.
  • Krow-ithun-koolo.
  • Krowathun-Koolung.
  • Krauatun-kurnai.
  • Muk-dhang
  • Gunggala-dhang. This was the Bidhawal exonym for them.
  • Thangkwai (Thangguai/Thang quai). This was another exonym, meaning 'rough speech'.
  • Karnathun. (This was composed of ngatban (no) and ka:nai (man).[1]

Notes

    Citations

    References

    • Clark, Ian D. (14 July 1996). Aboriginal Language Areas In Victoria:A Report to the Victorian Aboriginal Corporation For Languages (PDF). Victorian Aboriginal Corporation For Languages.
    • Dixon, R. M. W. (2002). Australian Languages: Their Nature and Development. Cambridge University Press.
    • Gaughwin, Denise; Sullivan, Hilary (1984). McBryde, Isabel, ed. "Aboriginal boundaries and movement in Western Port, Victoria" (PDF). Aboriginal History. 8 (1): 80–98. ISSN 0314-8769.
    • Howitt, A. W. (1886). "On the Migrations of the Kurnai Ancestors". The Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland. 15: 419–420.
    • Howitt, A. W. (2010) [First published 1904]. The Native Tribes of South-East Australia. Cambridge University Press. pp. 73–74. ISBN 978-1-108-00632-3.
    • Tindale, Norman Barnett (1974). "Krauatungalung (VIC)". Aboriginal Tribes of Australia: Their Terrain, Environmental Controls, Distribution, Limits, and Proper Names. Australian National University Press. ISBN 978-0-708-10741-6.
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