Korean postpositions
| Korean grammar |
|---|
Korean postpositions, or particles, are suffixes or short words in Korean grammar that immediately follow a noun or pronoun. This article uses the Revised Romanization of Korean to show pronunciation. The hangul versions in the official orthographic form are given underneath.
| Preceding syntactic element | Example sentence | Translation |
|---|---|---|
(n-)eun 은/는 |
Used as a topic particle or a subject particle. Eun 은 is used following a consonant, Neun 는 is used following a vowel. | |
| Nouns (topic) | Naneun haksaengida. 나는 학생이다. | I am a student. |
| Nouns (topic) | Igeoseun yeonpirida. 이것은 연필이다. | This is a pencil. |
| Nouns (genericized nominative) | Chitaneun ppareuda. 치타는 빠르다. | Cheetahs are fast. |
| Nouns (topic) | Jeoneun jjajangmyeon juseyo. 저는 짜장면 주세요. | I'd like a jajangmyeon. |
i/ga 이/가 |
Used as an identifier particle or a subject particle. I 이 is used following a consonant, Ga 가 is used following a vowel. | |
| Nouns (agent) | Naega masyeotda. 내가 마셨다. | I drank. |
| Nouns (identifier) | Jeogeosi Han-gang-iya. 저것이 한강이야. | That is the Han River. |
| Nouns (specific nominative) | Chitaga neurida. 치타가 느리다. | This cheetah is slow. |
kkeseo 께서 |
The honorific nominative marker. It could be added to Neun, Do, and Man to form 께서는 (topic), 께서도 (too/also), and 께서만 (only), respectively, which are the respective honorific forms. | |
| Nouns | Seonsaengnimkkeseo osyeotda. 선생님께서 오셨다. | (The) teacher arrived . |
do 도 |
Used as an additive particle. When dealing with additive qualities/descriptions of the same subject, see ttohan 또한. | |
| Nouns | Geunyeodo gongbuhanda. 그녀도 공부한다. | She studies too. |
(r-)eul 을/를 |
Used as an object particle. Eul 을 is used following a consonant, Reul 를 is used following a vowel, | |
| Nouns (objective) | Naneun ramyeoneul meogeotda. 나는 라면을 먹었다. | I ate ramen. |
ege/hante 에게/한테 |
Used as a dative particle. Ege 에게 is the literary form, and Hante 한테 is the colloquial form. | |
| Noun | Neohuiege hal mari itda. 너희에게 할 말이 있다. | I have something to tell you. |
kke 께 |
Kke 께 is the honorific dative marker. | |
| Noun | Goyongjukke seonmureul deuryeotda. 고용주께 선물을 드렸다. | I gave a gift to my employer. |
(eu)ro 으로/로 |
Used to mark the instrumental case, which can also denote destination or role. Euro 으로 is used following a consonant other than 'ㄹ', which is abbreviated to Ro 로 following a vowel or a consonant 'ㄹ'. | |
| Noun (means) | KTX-ro Seoureseo Busankkaji se sigan geollinda. KTX로 서울에서 부산까지 3시간 걸린다. | It takes 3 hours to go from Seoul to Busan via KTX. |
| Noun (destination) | Naeil Hojuro tteonamnida. 내일 호주로 떠납니다. | I am leaving for Australia tomorrow. |
| Noun (role) | Unjeonsaro chwijikhaeyo. 운전사로 취직해요. | I'm going to be working as a driver. |
e 에 |
Used for any words relating to time or place. | |
| Time (noun) | Maikeureun parweore watda. 마이클은 8월에 왔다. | Michael came in August. |
| Location (noun) | Jedongeun ilbone gatda. 제동은 일본에 갔다. | Jedong went to Japan. |
eseo 에서 |
Translates to: "from" when used with a motion verb. May also be used as "at", "in" when used with an action verb which is not motion related. | |
| Noun (from) | Junggugeseo wasseo. 중국에서 왔어. | I came from China. |
| Noun (in) | Bang-eseo gongbu-reul haet-da. 방에서 공부를 했다. | I studied in my room. |
buteo 부터 |
Translates to: Used to show when or where an action or situation started. | |
| Noun | Cheoeumbuteo kkeutkkaji 처음부터 끝까지 | From beginning to end |
kkaji 까지 |
Translates to: Used to illustrate the extent of an action, generally meaning "until", "up to". | |
| Noun | Cheoeumbuteo kkeutkkaji 처음부터 끝까지 | From beginning to end |
man 만 |
Translates to: "only", used after a noun. | |
| Noun | Ojik jeimseu-man hangugeo-reul gongbu-haet-da. 오직 제임스만 한국어를 공부했다. | Only James studied Korean. |
ui 의 |
Functions as: possession indicator, noun link, topic marker. | |
| Noun: possession | Migugui daetongryeong 미국의 대통령 | President of the United States |
(g)wa 과/와 |
Translates to: "and" (conjunction); "with" or "as with" (preposition). Gwa 과 is used following a consonant, Wa 와 is used following a vowel. | |
| Nouns: conjunction | Neowa na 너와 나 | You and I |
(y)a 야/아 |
The vocative marker. | |
| Noun | Minsuya! 민수야! | Minsu! |
(i)yeo 이여/여 |
The vocative marker, with added nuance of exclamation. | |
| Noun | Naui georukhasin gusejuyeo. 나의 거룩하신 구세주여. | O my divine Redeemer. |
References
- Martin SE (2006). Reference Grammar of Korean: A Complete Guide to the Grammar and History of the Korean Language. Tuttle Publishing.
- Vincent M, Yeon J (2010). Complete Korean. McGraw-Hill Professional.
- Ihm Ho Bin, Hong Kyung Pyo, and Chang Suk In. Korean Grammar for International Learners. Yonsei University Press
This article is issued from
Wikipedia.
The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike.
Additional terms may apply for the media files.