Kirkuk Governorate

Kirkuk Governorate
Kirkuk Governorate; پارێزگای کەرکووک
	Governorate
	Coordinates: 35°22′N 44°8′E / 35.367°N 44.133°ECoordinates: 35°22′N 44°8′E / 35.367°N 44.133°E
Country	Iraq (Disputed territory)
Capital	Kirkuk
Area
• Total	9,679 km2 (3,737 sq mi)
Population (2017)
• Total	1,259,561

Kirkuk Governorate (Arabic: محافظة كركوك‎ Muḥāfaẓat Karkūk, Kurdish: پارێزگای کەرکووک‎ Parêzgay Kerkûk, Syriac: ܟܪܟ ܣܠܘܟ‎ Karḵ Sloḵ, Turkish: Kerkük ili) or Kirkuk Province is a governorate in northern Iraq. The governorate has an area of 9,679 square kilometres (3,737 sq mi). In 2017 the estimated population was 1,259,561 people.^[1] The provincial capital is the city of Kirkuk. It is divided into four districts.

From 1976 to 2006, it was named At-Ta'mim Governorate, which means "Nationalization" and refers to the national ownership of the regional oil and natural gas reserves. Prior to 1976 it had been named Kirkuk Governorate. In 2006, the name "Kirkuk Governorate" was restored.

Governorate government

Districts of Kirkuk Governorate

Governor: Rakan saed^[2]
Provincial Council Chairman (PCC): Hassan Touran^[3]

Districts

District	Total population, 2006
Dibis	34,254
Daquq	40,237
Hawija	450,267
Kirkuk	402,249

Demographics

Kirkuk province borders were altered, the Kurdish dominated districts were added to Erbil and Sulaymaniya provinces. the Arab districts were added to Kirkuk province. Turkmen villages were added to Diyala and Salahuddin provinces.^[4]

Due to the Arabization policies of the Ba'ath party the number of Arabs in official censuses increased fivefold within 40 years, however the most reliable data indicative of the ethnic breakdown of the governorate are those of the 1957 census.^[5] The number of Kurds remained relatively constant from 1957 until 1977, decrease in their numbers coincides with the Arabization process in the 1990s.^[6] The Turkmens were seriously affected by the Ba'ath changing Kirkuk borders their percentage fell from 21% to 7%.

Starting from 1977, 2000 Christians (Assyrians) were registered as Arabs. From the end of the Gulf War to 1999, about 11,000 Kurdish families were deported from Kirkuk.^[7]^[8] Since the 2003 invasion of Iraq, 100,000 Kurds have returned to the city of Kirkuk^[9] and these numbers are steadily increasing.

Mother tongue	1957	Percentage	1977	Percentage	1997	Percentage
Census results for Kirkuk Governorate^[5]
Arabs	109,620	28%	218,755	45%	544,596	72%
Kurds	187,593	48%	184,875	38%	155,861	21%
Turkmens	83,371	21%	80,347	17%	50,099	7%
Assyrians	1,605	0.4%	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Jews	123	0.003%	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Other	6,545	1.77%	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Total	388,829		483,977		752,745

A report by the International Crisis Group points out that figures from 1977 and 1997 censuses "are all considered highly problematic, due to suspicions of regime manipulation" because Iraqi citizens were only allowed to indicate belonging to either the Arab or Kurdish ethnic groups;^[10] consequently, this skewed the number of other ethnic minorities, such as Iraq's third largest ethnic group – the Turkmens/Turkomans.^[10]

References

↑ Central Organization for Statistics and Information Technology, Iraq
↑ https://www.thenational.ae/world/mena/iraqi-forces-seize-kirkuk-from-kurdish-fighters-1.667553
↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2011-07-28. Retrieved 2011-03-30.
↑ Dagher, Sam (25 April 2008). "Can the U.N. avert a Kirkuk border war?". CS Monitor. Retrieved August 2, 2012.
1 2 Anderson, Liam D.; Stansfield, Gareth R. V. (2009), Crisis in Kirkuk: The Ethnopolitics of Conflict and Compromise, University of Pennsylvania Press, p. 43, ISBN 0-8122-4176-2
↑ Anderson, Liam D.; Stansfield, Gareth R. V. (2009), Crisis in Kirkuk: The Ethnopolitics of Conflict and Compromise, University of Pennsylvania Press, p. 44, ISBN 0-8122-4176-2
↑ "An ancient tragedy". The Economist. 20 February 1999. Retrieved 22 June 2013.
↑ https://www.britannica.com/topic/Kurd#ref966597
↑ http://www.themilitant.com/2005/6912/691204.html
1 2 "Turkey and the Iraqi Kurds: Conflict or Cooperation?" (PDF). International Crisis Group. 2008. p. 16. Retrieved 19 June 2018.

External links

Iraq Inter-Agency Information & Analysis Unit Reports, Maps and Assessments of Iraq's Governorates from the UN Inter-Agency Information & Analysis Unit

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[1] Central Organization for Statistics and Information Technology, Iraq

[2] ttps://www.thenational.ae/world/mena/iraqi-forces-seize-kirkuk-from-kurdish-fighters-1.667553

[en.aswataliraq.info-3] "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2011-07-28. Retrieved 2011-03-30.

[4] Dagher, Sam (25 April 2008). "Can the U.N. avert a Kirkuk border war?". CS Monitor. Retrieved August 2, 2012.

[Stansfield43-5] 1 2 Anderson, Liam D.; Stansfield, Gareth R. V. (2009), Crisis in Kirkuk: The Ethnopolitics of Conflict and Compromise, University of Pennsylvania Press, p. 43, ISBN 0-8122-4176-2

[Stansfield44-6] Anderson, Liam D.; Stansfield, Gareth R. V. (2009), Crisis in Kirkuk: The Ethnopolitics of Conflict and Compromise, University of Pennsylvania Press, p. 44, ISBN 0-8122-4176-2

[7] "An ancient tragedy". The Economist. 20 February 1999. Retrieved 22 June 2013.

[8] ttps://www.britannica.com/topic/Kurd#ref966597

[9] ttp://www.themilitant.com/2005/6912/691204.html

[ICG-10] 1 2 "Turkey and the Iraqi Kurds: Conflict or Cooperation?" (PDF). International Crisis Group. 2008. p. 16. Retrieved 19 June 2018.