Katrina Karkazis

Katrina Karkazis
Born 1970 (1970)
Nationality American
Alma mater Columbia University
Awards Guggenheim Fellowship (2016)
Scientific career
Fields Anthropology and bioethics
Institutions Stanford University School of Medicine
Thesis Beyond treatment: mapping the connections among gender, genitals, and sexuality in recent controversies over intersexuality (2002)
Website katrinakarkazis.com

Katrina Alicia Karkazis (born 1970)[1] is a medical anthropologist and bioethicist at the Stanford Center for Biomedical Ethics, Stanford University School of Medicine. She has written widely on intersex issues, disease, treatment practices, policy and lived experiences, and the interface between medicine and society.[2][3] In 2016, she was jointly awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship with Rebecca Jordan-Young.[4]

Career

Katrina Karkazis received her PhD in medical and cultural anthropology, and a Masters in Public Health in maternal and child health, from Columbia University.[5] She has an undergraduate degree in Public Policy from Occidental College. Karkazis has since completed postdoctoral training in empirical bioethics at Stanford Center for Biomedical Ethics where she holds the position of Senior Research Scholar.[2][6]

In 2008, Karkazis published her first book, Fixing Sex, on the medical treatment and lived experience of intersex people. Since publication of Fixing Sex and co-authoring a 2012 journal article on sex testing in sport, Out of Bounds, Karkazis has widely written and been quoted as an expert on issues of informed consent, bodily diversity, testosterone, and access to sport. Media coverage of sport issues includes American Association for the Advancement of Science, The Guardian, Los Angeles Times, New Scientist, New York Times and Time, often in collaboration with Rebecca Jordan-Young.[7]

In 2015, Karkazis testified before the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) in the case of Dutee Chand v. Athletics Federation of India (AFI) & The International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF), and in July 2015 the CAS issued a decision to suspend its sex verification policy on excluding women athletes with hyperandrogenism (high levels of testosterone) due to insufficient evidence of a link between high androgen levels and improved athletic performance.[8][9] The court allowed two further years for convincing evidence to be submitted by the IAAF, after which the regulation will be automatically revoked if evidence has not been provided.[10]

In 2016, Karkazis was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship by the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation to work on a book on testosterone, T: The Unauthorized Biography, with co-author Rebecca Jordan-Young.[4] In 2018, Karkazis wrote in The New York Review of Books that "T has become a powerful technology for the production of subjectivity, the most consequential of which is gender."[11]

Works

Books

Fixing Sex: Intersex, Medical Authority, and Lived Experience, published by Duke University Press in 2008 presents a history of the medical treatment and lived experience of intersex people and their families. The book has been well received by both clinicians and intersex groups. Gary Berkovitz, writing in the New England Journal of Medicine states that Karkazis's analysis is fair, compelling, and eloquent.[12] Elizabeth Reis, reviewing the book in American Journal of Bioethics, states that the book "masterfully examines the concerns and fears of all those with a stake in the intersex debate: physicians, parents, intersex adults, and activists."[13] Mijeon, in American Journal of Human Genetics writes that the "conclusion is quite fitting", "the history of thinking about the body ... can be highly politicized and controversial".[14] Kenneth Copeland MD, former president of the Lawson Wilkins Pediatric Endocrine Society describes the book as, "Masterfully balancing all aspects of one of the most polarizing, contentious topics in medicine... the most recent authoritative treatise on intersex."[2] Intersex community organization Organisation Intersex International Australia regards the book as "approachable," "compelling and recommended reading",[15] and the book was subsequently cited by the Senate of Australia in 2013.[15][16]

Peer-reviewed publications

In Out of Bounds? A Critique of the New Policies on Hyperandrogenism in Elite Female Athletes, a collaborative article with Georgiann Davis, Rebecca Jordan-Young, and Silvia Camporesi, published in 2012 in the American Journal of Bioethics, they argue that a new sex testing policy by the International Association of Athletics Federations will not protect against breaches of privacy, will require athletes to undergo unnecessary treatment in order to compete, and will intensify "gender policing". They recommend that athletes be able to compete in accordance with their legal gender.[17][18] The analysis was described as an "influential critique" in the Los Angeles Times.[19]

In Emotionally and cognitively informed consent for clinical care for differences of sex development, co-authored with Anne Tamar-Mattis, Arlene Baratz, and Katherine Baratz Dalke and published in 2013, the authors write that "physicians continue to recommend certain irreversible treatments for children with differences of sex development (DSD) without adequate psychosocial support".[20]

In What’s in a Name? The Controversy over “Disorders of Sex Development”, co-authored with Ellen Feder and published in 2008, the authors state that "tracing "the history of the terminology applied to those with atypical sex anatomy reveals how these conditions have been narrowly cast as problems of gender to the neglect of broader health concerns and of the well-being of affected individuals."[21] Karkazis and Feder also collaborated in Naming the problem: disorders and their meanings, published in The Lancet in 2008.[22]

Selected bibliography

Books

  • Karkazis, Katrina (2008). Fixing Sex: Intersex, Medical Authority, and Lived Experience. Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0-8223-4318-9.

Peer-reviewed journals

  • Karkazis, Katrina; Jordan-Young, Rebecca (April 2018). "The Powers of Testosterone: Obscuring Race and Regional Bias in the Regulation of Women Athletes". Feminist Formations. doi:10.13140/RG.2.2.19472.71681. Retrieved 2018-08-17.
  • Karkazis, Katrina; Carpenter, Morgan (2018). "Impossible "choices": The inherent harms of regulating women's testosterone in sport". Journal of Bioethical Inquiry. 15 (4). doi:10.1007/s11673-018-9876-3. ISSN 1872-4353.
  • Sőnksen, Peter H.; Bavington, L. Dawn; Boehning, Tan; Cowan, David; Guha, Nishan; Holt, Richard; Karkazis, Katrina; Ferguson-Smith, Malcolm Andrew; Mircetic, Jovan; Bőhning, Dankmar (January 2018). "Hyperandrogenism controversy in elite women's sport: an examination and critique of recent evidence". Br J Sports Med: –2017-098446. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2017-098446. ISSN 0306-3674. PMID 29351951.
  • Baratz, Arlene; Karkazis, Katrina (2015). "Cris de Coeur and the Moral Imperative to Listen to and Learn from Intersex People". Narrative Inquiry in Bioethics. 5 (2): 127–132. doi:10.1353/nib.2015.0030. Retrieved 2016-05-21.
  • Karkazis, Katrina; Jordan-Young, Rebecca (May 2015). "Debating a testosterone "sex gap"". Science. 348 (6237): 858–860. doi:10.1126/science.aab1057. PMID 25999490. Retrieved 2016-05-21.
  • Jordan-Young, R. M.; Sonksen, P. H.; Karkazis, K. (April 2014). "Sex, health, and athletes". BMJ. 348 (apr28 9): –2926-g2926. doi:10.1136/bmj.g2926. ISSN 1756-1833. PMID 24776640. Retrieved 2016-05-21.
  • Tamar-Mattis, Anne; Baratz, Arlene; Baratz Dalke, Katharine; Karkazis, Katrina (January 2014). "Emotionally and cognitively informed consent for clinical care for differences of sex development". Psychology and Sexuality. 5 (1): 44–55. doi:10.1080/19419899.2013.831215. ISSN 1941-9899. Retrieved 2016-05-21.
  • Karkazis, Katrina; Rossi, Wilma (November 2010). "Ethics for the Pediatician: Disorders of Sex Development: Optimizing Care". Pediatrics in Review. 31 (11): e82–e85. doi:10.1542/pir.31-11-e82.
  • Karkazis, Katrina; Tamar-Mattis, Anne; Kon, Alexander A. (August 2010). "Genital surgery for disorders of sex development: implementing a shared decision-making approach". Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism: JPEM. 23 (8): 789–805. doi:10.1515/jpem.2010.129. ISSN 0334-018X. PMID 21073122.
  • Karkazis, Katrina; Feder, Ellen K. (December 2008). "Naming the problem: disorders and their meanings". The Lancet. 372: 2016–2017. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(08)61858-9.
  • Feder, Ellen K.; Karkazis, Katrina (2008). "What's in a Name? The Controversy over "Disorders of Sex Development"". Hastings Center Report. 38 (5): 33–36. doi:10.1353/hcr.0.0062. PMID 18947138.
  • Karkazis, Katrina; Jordan-Young, Rebecca; Davis, Georgiann; Camporesi, Silvia (July 2012). "Out of Bounds? A Critique of the New Policies on Hyperandrogenism in Elite Female Athletes". The American Journal of Bioethics. 12 (7): 3–16. doi:10.1080/15265161.2012.680533. ISSN 1526-5161. PMC 5152729. PMID 22694023. Retrieved 2016-05-21.

Editorial works

  • Karkazis, Katrina (June 28, 2018). "The Masculine Mystique of T". The New York Review of Books. Retrieved 2018-08-17.
  • Karkazis, Katrina; Jordan-Young, Rebecca (April 26, 2018). "The testosterone rule targets global south athletes like Caster Semenya". The Guardian. Retrieved 2018-08-17.
  • Karkazis, Katrina (August 23, 2016). "The ignorance aimed at Caster Semenya flies in the face of the Olympic spirit". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2016-08-25.
  • Karkazis, Katrina (July 19, 2016). "One-Track Minds: Semenya, Chand & the Violence of Public Scrutiny". Medium. Retrieved 2016-08-25.
  • Caplan, Arthur; Igel, Lee; Karkazis, Katrina (June 2015). "On Top Of Corruption, FIFA Has A Problem With Women". Forbes. Retrieved 2016-05-21.
  • Karkazis, Katrina; Jordan-Young, Rebecca (April 2014). "The Trouble With Too Much T". The New York Times. Retrieved 2016-05-21.
  • Jordan-Young, R. M.; Karkazis, K. (June 2012). "You Say You're a Woman? That Should Be Enough". The New York Times.

Awards and recognition

Fixing Sex: Intersex, Medical Authority, and Lived Experience was nominated for the Margaret Mead Award, 2010, and a finalist for the Lambda Literary Award, 2009.[2] In 2016, Karkazis was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship.[4]

References

  1. ↑ "Karkazis, Katrina Alicia, 1970-". Library of Congress. Retrieved 22 August 2017.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Katrina Karkazis, PhD, MPH Archived 2013-12-26 at the Wayback Machine., Stanford University School of Medicine Center for Biomedical Ethics, 2013
  3. ↑ About, Katrina Karkazis, retrieved 9 January 2014.
  4. 1 2 3 "Katrina Karkazis". John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation. 2016. Retrieved 2016-08-25.
  5. ↑ Karkazis, Katrina Alicia (2002). Beyond treatment: mapping the connections among gender, genitals, and sexuality in recent controversies over intersexuality (Ph.D thesis). Columbia University. OCLC 56173510.
  6. ↑ Katrina Karkazis, PhD, MPH, Stanford University School of Medicine Center for Biomedical Ethics, 2013.
  7. ↑ Articles:
  8. ↑ Fagan, Kate (August 13, 2016). "Katie Ledecky is crushing records, so why are we still worried about Caster Semenya?". ESPN. Retrieved 2016-08-27.
  9. ↑ Padawer, Ruth (June 28, 2016). "The Humiliating Practice of Sex-Testing Female Athletes". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2016-08-27.
  10. ↑ Branch, John (27 July 2015). "Dutee Chand, Female Sprinter With High Testosterone Level, Wins Right to Compete". The New York Times. Retrieved 27 July 2015.
  11. ↑ Karkazis, Katrina (June 28, 2018). "The Masculine Mystique of T". The New York Review of Books. Retrieved 2018-08-17.
  12. ↑ Berkovitz, Gary (2009). "Book Review Fixing Sex: Intersex, Medical Authority, and Lived Experience By Katrina Karkazis. 365 pp. Durham, NC, Duke University Press, 2008. $84.95 (cloth); $23.95 (paper). 978-0-8223-4302-8 (cloth); 978-0-8223-4318-9 (paper)". New England Journal of Medicine. 360: 1683. doi:10.1056/NEJMbkrev0805101.
  13. ↑ Reis, Elizabeth (2009). "Review of Katrina Karkazis,Fixing Sex: Intersex, Medical Authority, and Lived Experience1". The American Journal of Bioethics. 9: 105–106. doi:10.1080/15265160902790617.
  14. ↑ Migeon, Claude J. (2009). "Fixing Sex: Intersex, Medical Authority, and Lived Experience". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 84 (6): 717. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.04.022. PMC 2694968.
  15. 1 2 Katrina Karkazis, "Fixing Sex" (recommended reading), Organisation Intersex International Australia, 26 January 2010
  16. ↑ Involuntary or coerced sterilisation of intersex people in Australia, Community Affairs Committee, Senate of Australia, October 2013.
  17. ↑ Karkazis, K; Jordan-Young, R; Davis, G; Camporesi, S (2012). "Out of bounds? A critique of the new policies on hyperandrogenism in elite female athletes". Am J Bioeth. 12: 3–16. doi:10.1080/15265161.2012.680533. PMC 5152729. PMID 22694023.
  18. ↑ The Harrison Bergeron Olympics, Response to Letter to the Editor, American Journal of Bioethics, 13(5):66-69, 2013.
  19. ↑ Is sex testing in the Olympics a fool's errand?, Jon Bardin in Los Angeles Times, July 30, 2012.
  20. ↑ Tamar-Mattis, Anne (2013). "Emotionally and cognitively informed consent for clinical care for differences of sex development". Psychology & Sexuality. 5: 44–55. doi:10.1080/19419899.2013.831215.
  21. ↑ "What’s in a Name? The Controversy over ‘Disorders of Sex Development’", Ellen K. Feder and Katrina Karkazis, Hastings Center Report 38, no. 5 (2008): 33- 36.
  22. ↑ Naming the problem: disorders and their meanings, Katrina Karkazis and Ellen Feder, The Lancet, Vol 372 December 13, 2008.
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