Karel Doorman-class frigate

The Dutch frigate HMS Van Amstel (F-831)
Class overview
Builders: Damen Schelde Naval Shipbuilding
Operators:
Preceded by:
Succeeded by: Future Surface Combatant
Cost: ƒ445m per unit[1]
Built: 1985-1995
In commission: 1991-present
Planned: 8
Completed: 8
Active: 8
General characteristics
Type: Multi-purpose frigate (M-frigate)
Displacement: 2,800 tons standard; 3,320 tons full load
Length: 401ft (122.3m)
Beam: 47ft (14.4m)
Draught: 20ft (6.1m)
Propulsion:
  • CODOG
  • 2 × Rolls Royce (Spey 1A) 16700 hp (12.45 MW) gas turbines
  • 2 × Stork-Werkspoor 4895 hp (3.650 MW) diesel engines
Speed: 30 knots (54 km/h)
Complement: 154
Sensors and
processing systems:
  • Thales Smart-S Mk.1 long-range 3D survaillance and tracking radar
  • Thales LW08 long-range surveillance radar
  • Thales SeaWatcher 100 active phased array surface detection and tracking radar (NLD and BE ships only)
  • Thales GateKeeper Electro-optical 360° survaillance system (NLD and BE ships only)
  • Thales STIR 1.8 Tracking and Illumination Radar system
  • Thales Scout surface surveillance and tactical navigation radar
  • Thales PHS-36 Hull-mounted sonar
  • Thales Anaconda DSBV 61 VLF passive tactical towed array sonar
  • Ultra Electronics Multi-static Low Frequency Active Passive Sonar (NLD ships only)
Electronic warfare
& decoys:
  • Thales Vigile APX Radar Electronic Support Measures
  • Sippican Hycor Mk36 SRBOC Chaff and Decoy Launching System
Armament:
Aircraft carried: Chilean Navy: AS 532 Cougar, Portuguese Navy: Westland Super Lynx, Dutch & Belgian Navy: NH-90
Aviation facilities: helicopter hangar and flightdeck

The Karel Doorman class is a class of eight multi-purpose frigates of the Royal Netherlands Navy. Introducing CODOG propulsion into the Dutch Navy for economical cruising. The class is also known as the "Multi-purpose" or M class. The design was originally intended to play a role similar to the then current Holland class for patrol duties in the North Sea and Caribbean, with high automation and a crew of 80-100.[2]

The ships are named after famous Dutch naval officers, the lead ship being named after Karel Doorman.

History

In the 1970s the Roofdier-class frigates were deemed by the Royal Netherlands Navy old, outdated and therefore needed replacement.[3] This led to the construction of the Karel Doorman-class frigates in the mid 1980s after the Dutch navy had finalised the design and requirements for the frigates at the end of the 1970s and early 1980s.[4] The design of the M-frigates was made in-house at the Royal Netherlands Navy, in close collaboration with construction site De Schelde in Vlissingen and design agency Nevesbu. For the first time stealth techniques were used in the design, such as the sloping walls of the bridge section. A great deal of attention was also paid to the care and facilities for the passengers. Furthermore, there is more privacy and the comfort is greatly improved for the crew.[5] Since the Karel Doorman-class frigates were designed as multi purpose frigates that could perform a wide range of missions. Her armament reflect this by incoorporating many features, such as the ability to destroy submarines, aircraft and surface vessels.[6] Besides warfare the armaments can also be used to support anti-drug and piracy operations. The first frigate to be built in the Karel Doorman-class was the HNLMS Karel Doorman which was laid down on 26 February 1985, launched in 20 April 1988 and finally completed and commissioned by the Royal Netherlands Navy on 31 May 1991. The Karel Doorman was followed by the Willem van der Zaan, Tjerk Hiddes, Van Amstel, Abraham van der Hulst, Van Nes, Van Galen, and finally the Van Speijk. During the construction of the Karel Doorman-class, the Netherlands had tried to export the frigates and sign contracts to build also for foreign navies. However, after three failed attempts it ceased these attempts.[7] Nonetheless, there would be Karel Doorman-class frigates operating for foreign navies in the future, since the Dutch government sold 6 of its Karel Doorman-class frigates to the Portuguese Navy (2), Chilean Navy (2) and Belgian Navy (2).[8] The money received from the sale was used to built the Holland-class offshore patrol vessel.

Armament

These multi-purpose frigates can be used in the anti-submarine, anti-aircraft or surface combat roles. Their armament reflects that.

Their primary surface armament consists of two quad launchers for the RGM-84 Harpoon anti-ship missile, which has a range of 120 kilometres. Backing this up is a 76 mm Oto Melara gun, which has both anti-ship and anti-air capabilities.

Air defence is provided by the Sea Sparrow vertical launch system, which uses semi-active radar to find its target and has a range of 14 km. 16 VLS cells are mounted on the port external bulkhead of the hangar. A Goalkeeper system provides close-range air defence. It fires 30 mm rounds and can fire up to 4,000 rounds per minute, with a range of 200 metres to 3 km.

For anti submarine warfare, each ship is equipped with two twin torpedo launchers, firing Mark 46 torpedoes; and carries one Westland Lynx helicopter. The helicopter is also armed with 2 Mk 46 torpedoes, and carries dipping sonar and forward looking infrared (FLIR) systems.

Ships

All ships were built by Royal Schelde Dockyard.

Ship Pennant number commissioned Current Status
Karel Doorman F827 1991 sold to Belgium as Leopold I (F930) in 2005
Willem van der Zaan F829 1991 sold to Belgium as Louise-Marie (F931) in 2005.
Tjerk Hiddes F830 1991 sold to Chile as Almirante Riveros (FF-18) in 2004
Van Amstel F831 1993 In Service
Abraham van der Hulst F832 1993 sold to Chile as Blanco Encalada (FF-15) in 2004
Van Nes F833 1994 sold to Portugal as NRP Bartolomeu Dias (F333) in 2006
Van Galen F834 1994 sold to Portugal as NRP Dom Francisco de Almeida (F334) in 2006
Van Speijk F828 1995 In service

Sales to Chilean, Belgian and Portuguese Navies

Portuguese frigate D. Francisco de Almeida (F-334) at South Quay in London, 2017
Chilean frigate Almirante Blanco Encalada (FF-15) at Pearl Harbor, 2006

In 2004 two ships, Tjerk Hiddes and Abraham van der Hulst were sold to Chile and renamed Almirante Riveros (FF-18) and Blanco Encalada (FF-15) respectively. Blanco Encalada commissioned into the Chilean Navy on 16. December 2005, with Almirante Riveros to be commissioned in April 2007.

On 20 July 2005, the Belgian government decided to buy two of the remaining six Dutch M-class frigates to replace the two remaining frigates of the Wielingen class (Wielingen and Westdiep) currently in service with the Belgian Naval Component, which in turn might be sold to Bulgaria. On 21. December 2005, Karel Doorman and Willem van der Zaan were sold to Belgium and renamed Leopold I (F930) and Louise-Marie (F931) respectively. They were recommissioned between 2007- 2008.

In May 2006, Portugal's National Defense Minister, Luís Amado, showed interest in buying two Karel Doorman class frigates to replace the two remaining frigates of the João Belo class in service with the Portuguese Navy — instead of buying two frigates of the Oliver Hazard Perry class, offered by the United States. A committee of the Portuguese government arrived in the Netherlands to evaluate the condition of two frigates to be bought.

On November 1, 2006, the Portuguese Defense Minister Nuno Severiano Teixeira signed a contract for the purchase of the frigates Van Nes and Van Galen. Van Nes, renamed NRP Bartolomeu Dias (F333), was transferred to Portugal on January 16, 2009 and Van Galen, renamed NRP Dom Francisco de Almeida (F334) was transferred on January 15, 2010.

With the sale of two M-class frigates to Portugal only two of the eight ships remain with the Dutch Navy.[5]

Modernisation Programme

The Royal Netherlands Navy and Belgium Navy decided to upgrade the four frigates by rebuilding both hangar and helicopter deck for the NH-90 as well to replace the forward mast for fitting the new Thales SeaWatcher 100 phased array surface search radar and Gatekeeper electro-optical surveillance system. The first ship to receive the upgrade was HNLMS Van Speijk F828 in April 2012, next was BNS Leopold I F930, followed by HNLMS Van Amstel F831 and BNS Louise Marie F931 is currently undergoing the modernization. SMART-S 3D search radars will not be replaced by SMART-S MK2.

Seawatcher 100 is a non-rotating active phased array radar for naval surface surveillance. The system automatically detects and tracks asymmetric threats and very small objects such as swimmers and periscopes in all weather conditions. Seastar can also be used for helicopter guidance.Seastar is internationally marketed as Sea Watcher 100

Gatekeeper is a 360° panoramic electro-optical surveillance and alerter system based on IR/TV technology. Designed to counter emerging asymmetric threats down to small boats and swimmers, Gatekeeper increases short-range situational awareness in littoral environments.

Replacement M-frigates

The two multipurpose M-frigates which are still in service with the Royal Netherlands Navy are reaching the end of their life; they were designed to last until 2018/2023. Because of this the Dutch Ministry of Defence started design studies in 2013. The new frigates are again planned to fulfill a general purpose role with anti-submarine warfare as its specialty. However, since the Netherlands Royal Navy only owns six frigates in total by 2017, the new ships have to be able to perform well in all areas of the spectrum. This means that anti-air equipment also has to be present, in the form of VLS (vertical launch)-cells carrying Standard Missile 2 or ESSM-projectiles. Due to budget cuts, the replacement program was delayed and is now on schedule to deliver the first ships in 2025.

First designs

In November 2013 on a techbase in Amsterdam a 3D-printed model of one of the designs was shown to the public. The ships were going to be, just like their predicors, multipurpose-frigates with anti-submarine being the main task. This new class is going to have an integrated mast made by Thales Nederland; the ships of the Holland-class did also get this type of mast. At first this new class was to be replacing the Karel Doorman-class vessels in 2020; however, Minister of Defence Jeanine Hennis-Plasschaert has changed this date to 2023.[9] By 2017, it was made clear the new 'Future Surface Combatant (Koninklijke Marine)' will be developed in cooperation with the Belgian Marine Component and at least four vessels are to be built (two for the Royal Dutch Navy and two for the Belgian Marine Component), with the possibility more will be ordered as soon as the acquisition procedure reaches a more definitive phase.

See also

References

  1. ↑ Jaime Karremann (2018-03-20). "Karel Doormanklasse fregatten (M-fregatten)" (in Dutch). marineschepen.nl. Retrieved 2018-03-20.
  2. ↑ R. Gardiner. All the Worlds Warships 1947-82. Pt 1. Western Powers. Conway. London(1983)p 87
  3. ↑ Ivan Gogin. "ROYAL DUTCH NAVY (NETHERLANDS)". navypedia.org. Retrieved 2018-06-22.
  4. ↑ "Hoeveel kost de Onderzeedienst?" (in Dutch). marineschepen.nl. 2013-03-15. Retrieved 2018-03-18.
  5. 1 2 "Multipurposefregat (M-fregat)" (in Dutch). defensie.nl. Retrieved 2018-06-22.
  6. ↑ "Karel Doorman Class". www.naval-technology.com. Retrieved 2018-06-22.
  7. ↑ Dr. G.A. Rommelse (2008). "Export M-fregatten, 1986-1994: De BV Nederland met vallen en opstaan" (in Dutch). www.militairespectator.nl. Retrieved 2018-06-22.
  8. ↑ D-Mitch (7 November 2014). "Karel Doorman (M) class frigates of the Portuguese Navy, Chilean Navy, Royal Netherlands Navy and Belgian Navy". www.navalanalyses.com. Retrieved 2018-06-22.
  9. ↑ "Vervanger Nederlandse en Belgische M-fregatten". Marineschepen.nl.

Bibliography

  • Joris Janssen Lok, 'The Netherlands: Dutch M frigates are ready for action,' Jane's Defence Weekly/Jane's Information Group, 14 October 1995
  • "Multipurposefregat (M-fregat)" (in Dutch). Dutch Ministry of Defence. Archived from the original on March 6, 2018. Retrieved March 6, 2018.
  • Pasterkamp, Riekelt (July 4, 2001). "Op zee met M-fregat Hr. Ms. Karel Doorman" (in Dutch). Digibron.nl. Retrieved March 6, 2018.
  • W.H.E., van Amstel (1991). De schepen van de Koninklijke Marine vanaf 1945. Alkmaar: De Alk. ISBN 978-9060139974.
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