Julien and Marguerite de Ravalet

Julien and Marguerite de Ravalet were the children of Jean III de Ravalet, lord of Tourlaville and Madeleine de Hennot, Madame of Tourlaville. They were executed on December 2, 1603 in Place de Grève in Paris for adultery and incest.

Background

Julien de Ravalet was born in 1582 and Marguerite de Ravalet was born in 1586 in a family of eleven brothers and sisters.

History

Since childhood, Julien and Marguerite were close friends and confidants, preferring to spend time with each other as much as possible rather than with anyone else. By the time they reached adolescence, this intimate friendship raised suspicions with their parents, who felt it was appropriate to separate the siblings. They sent Julien to the college of Coutances at age thirteen but upon his return three years later, they continued to conspire to keep their children apart and began arranging a marriage for their daughter. On March 20, 1600, thirteen-year-old Marguerite was married to Jean Lefevre de Haupitois, a nouveau rich nobleman who was thirty-two years-old, at the Notre-Dame de Tourlaville church. Although he lacked the noble rank of the de Ravelet family, Lefevre built his wealth from the collector's charge of royal tax. Meanwhile, Julien was sent to Paris to pursue theological studies.

By the following year, Marguerite gave birth to a daughter, Louise, but her and Lefevre’s marriage was an unhappy one. Lefevre was prone to moments of unprovoked rage and jealousy, and he was physically abusive towards his wife. Marguerite was desperate to escape from her loveless marriage but she received no sympathy from her parents, who encouraged her to stay with her husband. Ultimately, in early 1602, she fled back to Tourlaville, leaving her husband and daughter behind. Julien happened to be visiting Tourlaville at the same time. For a short time, the brother and sister were happy and unsuspected of their relationship. However, rumors began to spread among the chaeteau; their intimate jokes, silly games, and disappearing together for hours raised suspicions of an intimate relationship. A servant even caught the two sharing a bed at one point.

Lefevre alerted the authorities of his wife’s abandonment and sent a letter to the chateau, accusing the siblings of engaging in incestuous relationship. They denied the charges and, on December 2, 1602, they ran away to Fougeres, 120 miles away from their ancestral home, where they lived together for a few months. During this time, it is believed they began a romantic and sexual relationship, treating each other as husband and wife. Within weeks of arriving in Fougeres, Marguerite became pregnant. Towards the end of August, they heard Lefevre may have discovered their whereabouts and, on September 7, they arrived in Paris. Two days later, they were apprehended and arrested.^[1] When the guards burst through the couple’s hotel door, they found an obvious pregnant Marguerite in bed. Based on his wife’s pregnancy, Lefevre formally filed charges at the Grand Chatelet against Julien and Marguerite. The siblings were charged with adultery and incest, both punishable by death at the time.

Trial

On September 19, 1603, the trial of Julien and Marguerite de Ravalet began at the Parlement de Paris. Marguerite, who was heavily pregnant and been separated from her husband for over a year, was questioned who the father of her child was. Marguerite denied the charges and alleged her pregnancy was the result of a rape by a traveling tailor, who attacked her during her stay in Tourlaville. She claimed she had gone to Paris to follow a religious vocation. Julien’s defense against the charges was his claim of saving his sister from an unhappy marriage and the incest accusation stemmed from a jealous husband who misinterpreted a hug between the two. Between September 20 and 25, Marguerite gave birth to a son named Julien II de Ravelet, who was swiftly removed from her care and placed with their older brother, Philippe, and ended up being raised by Julien and Marguerite’s parents.

The evidence presented against the siblings was a series of letters exchanged between the two over a three year period of 1600 through 1603, detailing intimate conversations that strongly hinted a passionate and sexual relationship. Between November 24 and 27, the letters were read in a public hearing. Witnesses, varying from servants, acquaintances, and Lefevre all testified Marguerite wanted to stay with her brother at all times and the two appeared to be in love, and dates regarding the conception and birth of Marguerite’s child corresponded with the time period in which she was traveling with Julien. On December 1, the court found them guilty on all charges and sentenced them to death.

Their father, Jean de Ravelet, petitioned King Henri IV at The Louvre for a pardon. Henri was sympathetic but Lefevre was adamant that the sentence be carried out. Henri ultimately rejected Jean de Ravalet’s pleas for clemency because, as a married woman, Marguerite’s crime of adultery and her pregnancy were crimes against God. In his decision, the king quoted, “If the woman would not have been married, I would have gladly given her pardon, but as she is, I could not.”

On December 2, 1603, Julien and Marguerite arrived at the Place de Grève for execution. They were each given a chance to confess and Marguerite, in a desperate attempt to save her brother, confessed she was solely guilty and she had bewitched him. Julien refused to confess nor implicate his sister. As the execution was beginning, a crowd of people began gather, ironically to support the siblings and pleaded for them to be spared. Nevertheless, they were executed by decapitation. Julien was 21 and Marguerite was 17.

The siblings were entombed in the church of Saint-Jean-en-Grève, bearing the epitaph “Here lie the brother and sister. Passing does not inform you of the cause of your death, but go and pray to God for their souls.”

Aftermath

After the execution, Marguerite’s two children, Louise and Julien II, were later declared beneficiaries to the chateau of Tourlaville. However,in the few years that followed, Jean de Ravelet gave away large sums of his wealth in endowments to local churches in behalf of the poor. In 1625, Jean de Ravelet made a large donation to a Benedictine convent in Cherbourg.

In 1653, Jean de Ravelet died and, in his will, he left the chateau to a nephew but, having spent all his fortune for charity, the estate was penniless. The remaining de Ravelet family members relocated to various areas across Europe.

Legacy

The tale of Julien and Marguerite de Ravelet is said to have inspired John Ford’s 17th century play T'is Pity She’s a Whore.

A French film, Marguerite & Julien, was directed by Valerie Donzelli and released in 2015. It depicts a modern version of the story and retains historical elements to it.^[2]

References