John Mason Neale

John Mason Neale
Born 24 January 1818
London, England
Died 6 August 1866 (1866-08-07) (aged 48)
East Grinstead, England
Education Trinity College, Cambridge
Religion Christianity (Anglican)
Church Church of England
Ordained 1841

John Mason Neale (24 January 1818 – 6 August 1866) was an Anglican priest, scholar and hymnwriter.

Life

Neale was born in London on 24 January 1818, his parents being the clergyman Cornelius Neale and Susanna Neale, daughter of John Mason Good. He was educated at Sherborne School, Dorset, and Trinity College, Cambridge, where (despite being said to be the best classical scholar in his year) his lack of ability in mathematics prevented him taking an honours degree.[1] Neale was named after the Puritan cleric and hymn writer John Mason (1645–94), of whom his mother Susanna was a descendant.[2]

At the age of 22 Neale was the chaplain of Downing College, Cambridge. At Cambridge he was affected by the Oxford Movement and, particularly interested in church architecture, helped to found the Cambridge Camden Society (afterwards known as the ecclesiological Society). The society advocated for more ritual and religious decoration in churches, and was closely associated with the Gothic Revival. Neale was ordained in 1842.[3] He was briefly incumbent of Crawley in Sussex, but was forced to resign due to a chronic lung disease. The following winter he lived in the Madeira Islands, where he was able to do for his History of the Eastern Church. In 1846 he became warden of Sackville College, an almshouse at East Grinstead, an appointment which he held until his death.[4]

In 1854 Neale co-founded the Society of Saint Margaret, an order of women in the Church of England dedicated to nursing the sick. Many Anglicans in his day, however, were very suspicious of anything suggestive of Roman Catholicism. Only nine years earlier, John Henry Newman had encouraged Catholic practices in Anglican churches and had ended up becoming a Roman Catholic. This encouraged the suspicion that anyone such as Neale was an agent of the Vatican, assigned to destroy Anglicanism by subverting it from within. In 1857, Neale was attacked and mauled at a funeral of one of the Sisters.[5] From time to time unruly crowds threatened to stone him or to burn his house. He received no honour or preferment in England, and his doctorate was bestowed by Trinity College (Connecticut). However, his basic goodness eventually won the confidence of many who had fiercely opposed him, and the Sisterhood of St Margaret survived and prospered.[4]

He was also the principal founder of the Anglican and Eastern Churches Association, a religious organization founded as the Anglican and Eastern Orthodox Churches Union in 1864. A result of this organisation was the Hymns of the Eastern Church, edited by John Mason Neale and published in 1865.[6]

Neale was strongly high church in his sympathies, and had to endure a good deal of opposition, including a fourteen years' inhibition by his bishop. Neale translated the Eastern liturgies into English, and wrote a mystical and devotional commentary on the Psalms.[4] However, he is best known as a hymnwriter and, especially, translator, having enriched English hymnody with many ancient and mediaeval hymns translated from Latin and Greek. For example, the melody of Good King Wenceslas originates from a medieval Latin springtime poem, Tempus adest floridum. More than anyone else, he made English-speaking congregations aware of the centuries-old tradition of Latin, Greek, Russian, and Syrian hymns. The 1875 edition of the Hymns Ancient and Modern contains 58 of his translated hymns; The English Hymnal (1906) contains 63 of his translated hymns and six original hymns by Neale.

His translations include:

Death and legacy

Since Neale died on 6 August 1866, the Festival of the Transfiguration, he is commemorated by the Anglican churches on the following day, 7 August. In the Episcopal Church in the United States, he shares this feast with Catherine Winkworth, who also translated hymns into English. Neale and Winkworth are also commemorated together in the Calendar of Saints of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America on 1 July, the anniversary of Winkworth's death. Neale was buried in St Swithun's churchyard, East Grinstead.

Works

Hymns and carols

Neale's most enduring and widely known legacy is probably his contribution to the Christmas repertoire, most notably:

John Mason Neale also wrote the hymn:

  • A Great and Mighty Wonder, translated from the Greek of St Germanus, although Neale incorrectly attributed it to St Anatolius.

Hymn-books

Theological and historical books

Books related to Cambridge Camden Society

Books related to Cambridge Camden Society

References

  1. ↑ "Neale, John Mason (NL836JM)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
  2. ↑ "The Reverend John Mason". The Church of St Giles, Water Stratford. The Parish of St. Giles, Water Stratford. Archived from the original on 25 November 2010. Retrieved 18 June 2010.
  3. ↑ "John Mason Neale", The Hymns and Carols of Christmas
  4. 1 2 3 Kiefer, James E., "John Mason Neale, Priest, Scholar, and Translator", Biographical Sketches of Memorable Christians of the Past
  5. ↑ Neale, John Mason (1857). The Lewes Riot, Its Causes and Its Consequences. London: Joseph Masters. Retrieved 18 January 2018.
  6. ↑ Hymns of the Eastern Church, ccel.org, retrieved, 12 November 2014
  7. ↑ Nelson, Dale J., "John Mason Neale and the Christian Heritage", Mayville State University, 1997

Sources

  • John Mason Neale, DD: A Memoir (1907), Eleanor Towle
  • Memoir by his friend, Richard Frederick Littledale
  • Letters of John Mason Neale (1910), selected and edited by Eleanor Towle
  •  "Neale, John Mason". Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900. Has a complete list of Neale's works
  •  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Neale, John Mason". Encyclopædia Britannica. 19 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 320.

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