Jennifer Chatman

Jennifer A. Chatman is the Paul J. Cortese Distinguished Professor of Management at the Haas School of Business, University of California, Berkeley. Chatman received her BA and PhD from UC Berkeley and began her career at the Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University in Chicago, Illinois, before returning to UC Berkeley’s Haas School of Business. She served as the Marvin Bower Fellow at the Harvard Business School.

Research

Professor Chatman's research focuses on 1) how a culture emphasizing innovation and adaptation buffers firms from economic volatility, 2) how CEO’s personality influences organizational culture, and 3) how diverse groups perform in high pressure situations. Professor Chatman has developed the Organizational Culture Profile (OCP) for assessing organizational culture strength and content as well as the gaps between an organization’s current and desired culture.

Professor Chatman’s research has been highlighted in the Atlantic, Business Week, Business 2.0, the Financial Times, Fortune, Inc., Glamour, The Jungle, the New York Times, the San Francisco Chronicle, the Los Angeles Times, the Wall Street Journal, and Working Mother. She was a keynote speaker for the Private Equity Women’s Conference, the AACSB Dean’s Conference, and the Economist Innovation Summit. She interviewed Jack Welch for the Commonwealth Club, Comcast, and NPR, and has appeared on television and radio over the years to talk about her research and consulting work. She has written articles that have appeared in numerous academic journals.

Culture, adaptability, and firm performance

Chatman's research explores how organizational culture relates to organizational performance and also focuses on providing a conceptually rigorous and valid approach to assessing culture.

Relevant papers:

  • Chatman, J., Caldwell, D., O’Reilly, C., & Doerr, B. (2014). Parsing organizational culture: The joint influence of culture content and strength on performance in high-technology firms, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 35 (6): 785-808.[1]
  • O’Reilly, C., Caldwell, D., Chatman, J., & Doerr, B. (2014) The promise and problems of organizational culture: CEO personality, culture, and firm performance. Group and Organization Management, 39 (6): 595–625.[2]
  • Chatman, J. & Chang, V. (2014). Culture Change at Genentech. California Management Review. 56 (2): 113-129.[3]

Norms and group composition

Classic research in psychology, dating back to Sherif’s pioneering work on the so-called "Robber's Cave" experiments showed that social norms, particularly those that orient group members toward group goals, are remarkably strong predictors of behavior. Professor Chatman’s work has been part of a more recent effort to link norms to processes and outcomes among diverse work groups.

Relevant papers:

  • Goncalo, J., Chatman, J., Duguid, M., & Kennedy, J. (2015) Creativity from constraint: How the PC norm influences creativity in mixed-sex work groups. Administrative Science Quarterly, 60: 1-30.[4]

Leadership reconceptualized as influence and status

Professor Chatman’s research on leadership focuses on reconceptualizing traditional theories of leadership which have, by many accounts, reached a point of stagnation. By stripping down the psychological basis of leadership in influence she is able to make more progress in understanding how leaders affect followers in organizations.

Relevant papers:

  • Chatman, J. & Caldwell, D. (2014). Leading organizations: The challenge of developing a strategically effective organizational culture without succumbing to the negative effects of power. In D. Teece and M. Augier. Palgrave Encyclopedia of Strategic Management.[5]
  • O’Reilly, C., Doerr, B., Caldwell, D., & Chatman, J. (2013) Narcissistic CEOs and Executive Compensation. The Leadership Quarterly.[6]

Speaking and board memberships

Professor Chatman's research and consulting focus on the business advantages of leveraging organizational culture and leading strategic change, and she has worked with a variety of organizations including Adobe, Apple University, Boise-Cascade, British Telecom, Chiron, Citigroup, Cisco Systems, The Coca-Cola Company, ConocoPhillips, DNV, eBay, Fannie Mae, First Data, Franklin Templeton, Freddie Mac, Gallo Winery, Genentech, Goldman Sachs, Hotwire, Intel, Kaiser-Permanente, Maersk, Mars Inc., Microsoft, New York Life, Novartis, Office of Hawaiian Affairs, PG&E, Pixar, the Portland Trailblazers, PricewaterhouseCoopers, Qualcomm, Roche, Sandia National Laboratories, Salesforce.com, Silver Spring Networks, Statoil, the U.S. Postal Service, the U.S. Treasury, True Ventures, and Warburg Pincus.

She is a member of the Board of Directors of Simpson Manufacturing (NYSE: SSD) and a Trustee of Prospect Sierra School. She is an academic partner with The Trium Group. She teaches a variety of executive management and MBA courses focusing on leveraging high performance cultures, leading change, and making effective decisions. She has taught in executive education programs at a number of universities, and is faculty director of UC Berkeley’s Center for Executive Education (CEE) flagship program for senior executives, The Berkeley Executive Leader Program. She has served as the faculty Director of CEE and of the Ph.D. program at Haas, and the Chair of the Management of Organizations Group at Haas.

Publications

Culture and person culture fit

  • Chatman J.A. & O’Reilly C.A. (2016). Paradigm lost: Reinvigorating the study of organizational culture. In B. Staw & A. Brief (Eds.), Research in Organizational Behavior, Vol. 38, JAI Press: 199-224.
  • O’Reilly, C., Caldwell, D., Chatman, J., & Doerr, B. (2014) The promise and problems of organizational culture: CEO personality, culture, and firm performance. Group and Organization Management, 39 (6): 595–625.
  • Chatman, J., Caldwell, D., O’Reilly, C., & Doerr, B. (2014). Parsing organizational culture: The joint influence of culture content and strength on performance in high-technology firms, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 35 (6): 785-808.
  • Chatman, J. (2014). Culture change at Genentech. California Management Review. 56 (2): 113-129.
  • Sherman E. & Chatman J. (2011). Socialization. In The Encyclopedia of Management. E. H. Kessler (Ed.), Sage.
  • Chatman, J, Wong, E., & Joyce, C. (2008). When Do People Make the Place? Considering the Interactionist Foundations of the Attraction-Selection-Attrition Model. In, Brent Smith (Ed.), A Festschrift to Benjamin Schneider. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum, pp. 65–88.
  • Caldwell, D., Chatman, J., & O’Reilly, C. (2008). Profile comparison methods for assessing person-situation fit. In C. Ostroff and T. Judge (Eds.), Perspectives On Organizational Fit. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, New Jersey.
  • Lyons, R., Chatman, J., & Joyce, C. (2007). Leading through innovation in services: Innovation culture in investment banking. To appear in California Management Review, Fall.
  • Spataro, S. E., & Chatman, J. A. (2007). Identity in the competitive market: The effects of inter-organizational competition on identity-based organizational commitment. In C. Bartel, S. Blader, and A. Wrzesniewski, Eds., Identity and the Modern Organization, pp. 177–200. Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
  • Chatman, J., & Spataro, S. (2005). Using self-categorization theory to understand relational demography-based variations in people's responsiveness to organizational culture. Academy of Management Journal. 48 (2): 321-331.
  • Chatman, J., O’Reilly, C., & Chang, V. (2005). Developing a human capital strategy at Cisco Systems. California Management Review, 47 (2): 137-167.
  • Chatman, J. & Cha, S. (2003). Leading by leveraging culture. California Management Review, 45 (4): 20-34. [And reprinted in S. Chowdhury (Ed.), Next Generation Business Series: Leadership, John Wiley & Sons, Publishers.
  • Boisnier, A., & Chatman, J. (2003). Cultures and subcultures in dynamic organizations. In Mannix, E., and Petersen, R. (Eds.), The Dynamic Organization (pp: 87-114), Lawrence Erlbaum Associates: Mahwah, New Jersey.
  • Flynn, F. & Chatman, J. (2001). Strong cultures and innovation: Oxymoron or opportunity? In S. Cartwright et al., (Eds.), International Handbook of Organizational Culture and Climate, Sussex: John Wiley & Sons, pp. 263–287.
  • Cartwright, S., Cooper, C., Earley, C., Chatman, J., Cummings, T., Holden, N., Sparrow, P. & Starbuck, W. (eds.), (2001). International Handbook of Organizational Culture and Climate, Sussex: John Wiley & Sons.
  • O'Reilly, C. & Chatman, J., (1996). Culture as social control: Corporations, cults and commitment. In B. Staw & L. Cummings (eds.), Research in Organizational Behavior. Vol. 18. (pp. 157–200) JAI Press.
  • Chatman, J. & Barsade, S. (1995). Personality, culture and cooperation: Evidence from a business simulation. Administrative Science Quarterly, 40 (3): 423-443.
  • Chatman, J. & Jehn, K. (1994). Assessing the relationship between industry characteristics and organizational culture: How different can you be? Academy of Management Journal, 37: 522-553.
  • Chatman, J. (1991). Matching people and organizations: Selection and socialization in public accounting firms. Administrative Science Quarterly, 36: 459-484.
  • Chatman, J., Putnam, L., & Sondak, H. (1991). Integrating communication and negotiation. In, M. Bazerman, R. Lewicki, and B. Sheppard (Eds.) Research in Negotiations in Organizations, 3, Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
  • O'Reilly, C., Chatman, J. & Caldwell, D. (1991). People and organizational culture: A Q-sort approach to assessing fit. Academy of Management Journal, 34: 487-516.
  • Caldwell, D., Chatman, J. & O'Reilly, C. (1990). Building organizational commitment: A multi-firm study. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 63: 245-261.
  • Culnan, M., O'Reilly, C. & Chatman, J. (1990). Intellectual structure of research in organizational behavior, 1972-1984: A co-citation analysis. Journal of the American Society for Information Sciences, 41: 453-458.
  • Chatman, J. (1989). Improving interactional organizational behavior: A model of person-organization fit. Academy of Management Review, 14: 333-349.
  • O'Reilly, C., Chatman, J., & Anderson, J. (1987). Message flow and decision making. In Porter, L., Putnam, L., Roberts, K., & Jablin, F. (Eds.), Handbook of Organization Communication. Beverly Hills: Sage Publications, Inc.
  • O'Reilly, C., & Chatman, J. (1986). Organizational commitment and psychological attachment: The effects of compliance, identification, and internalization on prosocial behavior. Journal of Applied Psychology. 71 (3): 492-499.

Group diversity and group norms

  • Goncalo, J., Chatman, J., Duguid, M., & Kennedy, J. (2015) Creativity from constraint: How the PC norm influences creativity in mixed-sex work groups. Administrative Science Quarterly, 60: 1-30.
  • Chatman, J., Goncalo, J., Kennedy, J., & Duguid, M. (2011). Political correctness at work. In E. Mannix & M. Neale, Research on Managing Groups and Teams. Vol. 15, JAI Press, Elsevier Science: London.
  • Chatman, J. (2010). Norms in mixed race and mixed sex work groups. In James P. Walsh and Arthur P. Brief (Eds.) Academy of Management Annals, Vol. 4 (1), 447-484.
  • Chatman, J. A. (2010). Overcoming Prejudice in the Workplace. In J. Marsh, R. Mendoza-Denton & J. Smith (Eds.), Are We Born Racist?: New Insights from Neuroscience and Positive Psychology (pp. 75). Boston: Beacon.
  • Self, W. & Chatman, J. (2009). Identification and commitment in groups. In J. M. Levine and M.A. Hogg (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Group Processes and Intergroup Relations. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
  • Chatman, J. (2008). Integrating themes and future research opportunities in work group diversity. Capstone chapter in Phillips, K., Mannix, E., and Neale, M. (Eds.) (pp. 295–308). Research On Managing Groups and Teams. Vol. 11, JAI Press, Elsevier Science: London.
  • Chatman, J., Boisnier, A., Spataro, S., Anderson, C., & Berdahl, J. (2008). Being distinctive versus being conspicuous: The effects of numeric status and sex-stereotyped tasks on individual performance in groups. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes. 107: 141-160.
  • Chatman, J. (2008). Three ideas for managing diversity. Greater Good. Volume 5 (5).
  • Anderson, C., Srivastava, S. Beer, J., Spataro, S., & Chatman, J. (2006). Knowing your place: Self-perceptions of status in social groups. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 91 (6): 1094-1110.
  • Chatman, J. & Flynn, F. (2005). Full-cycle micro organizational behavior research. Organization Science, 16 (4): 434-447.
  • Chatman, J., & O’Reilly, C. (2004). Asymmetric effects of work group demography on men’s and women’s responses to work group composition. Academy of Management Journal, 47 (2): 193-208.
  • Malka, A. & Chatman, J. (2003). Intrinsic and extrinsic work orientations as moderators of the effect of annual income on subjective well-being. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29 (6): 737-746.
  • Flynn, F. & Chatman, J. (2003). “What’s the norm here?” Social categorization as a basis for group norm development. In Polzer, J., Mannix, E., and Neale, M. (eds.) Research in Managing Groups and Teams (pp: 135-160). JAI Press, Elsevier Science: London.
  • Flynn, F., Chatman, J., & Spataro, S. (2001). Getting to know you: The influence of personality on the impression formation and performance of demographically different people in organizations. Administrative Science Quarterly. 46 (3): 414-442.
  • Chatman, J., & Goncalo, J. (2001). People in organizations. In P.B. Baltes & N.J. Smelser, (Eds.), International Encyclopedia of Social and Behavioral Sciences (Vol. 16, pp. 11183–9). Elsevier Science Ltd: New York, NY.
  • Chatman, J. & Flynn, F. (2001). The influence of demographic composition on the emergence and consequences of cooperative norms in groups. Academy of Management Journal. 44 (5), 956-974.
  • Jehn, K.A. & Chatman, J. A. (2000) Reconceptualizing conflict: Proportional and relational conflict. International Journal of Conflict Management. 11(1): 51-69
  • Chatman, J., Caldwell, D., & O'Reilly, C. (1999). Managerial personality and early career success: A semi-idiographic approach. Journal of Research in Personality. 33: 514-545.
  • Chatman, J., Polzer, J., Barsade, S. & Neale, M. (1998). Being different yet feeling similar: The influence of demographic composition and organizational culture on work processes and outcomes. Administrative Science Quarterly. 43 (4): 749-780.
  • O'Reilly, C. & Chatman, J. (1994). Working harder and smarter: A longitudinal study of early career success. Administrative Science Quarterly, 39: 603-627.
  • Chatman, J., Bell, N., & Staw, B. (1986). The managed thought: The role of self-justification and impression management in organizational settings. In Gioia, D., & Sims, H. (Eds.), The Thinking Organization: Dynamics of Social Cognition. S.F., CA: Jossey-Bass. p. 191-214.

Leadership

  • O’Reilly, C., Chatman, J., & Doerr, B. (in press). So sue me: How CEO narcissism increases firms’ vulnerability to lawsuits. To appear in The Leadership Quarterly.
  • Chatman, J. & Caldwell, D. (2015). Leading organizations: The challenge of developing a strategically effective organizational culture without succumbing to the negative effects of power. M. Augier & D. Teece (Eds). Leadership. The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Strategic Management. Palgrave Macmilan.
  • O’Reilly, C., Doerr, B., Caldwell, D., & Chatman, J. (2014). Narcissistic CEOs and executive compensation. The Leadership Quarterly. 25 (2): 218-231.
  • Chatman, J., & Kennedy, J. (2010). Psychological perspectives on leadership. In N. Norhia and R. Kurana (Eds.) Leadership: Advancing the Discipline. PP 159–182. Harvard Business Press, Boston.
  • O’Reilly, C., Caldwell, D., Chatman, J., Lapiz, M., and Self, W. (2010). How Leadership matters: The effects of leadership alignment on strategic execution. The Leadership Quarterly. 21 (1): 104-113.
  • Caldwell, D., Chatman, J., O’Reilly, C., Ormiston, M. & Lapiz, M. (2008). Implementing Strategic Change in a Health Care System: The Importance of Leadership and Change Readiness, Health Care Management Review, 33 (2).

References

  1. ↑ http://faculty.haas.berkeley.edu/chatman/papers/Chatman-2014-JOB.pdf
  2. ↑ http://faculty.haas.berkeley.edu/chatman/papers/GOM-OReilly-2014.pdf
  3. ↑ http://faculty.haas.berkeley.edu/chatman/papers/cmr.2014.56.2.113.pdf
  4. ↑ http://faculty.haas.berkeley.edu/chatman/papers/ASQ-2015-Goncalo-1-30.pdf
  5. ↑ http://www.palgraveconnect.com/esm/doifinder/10.1057/9781137294678.0362
  6. ↑ http://haas.berkeley.edu/faculty/papers/chatman_narcissism.pdf
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