Jacques Charles François Sturm

Jacques Charles François Sturm
Jacques Charles François Sturm
Born (1803-09-29)29 September 1803
Geneva
Died 15 December 1855(1855-12-15) (aged 52)
Paris
Nationality French
Known for Sturm–Liouville theory
Sturm's theorem
Speed of sound
Awards Légion d'Honneur (1837)
Copley Medal (1840)
Scientific career
Fields Mathematics
Institutions École Polytechnique

Jacques Charles François Sturm ForMemRS (29 September 1803 – 15 December 1855) was a French mathematician.

Life and work

Sturm was born in Geneva (then part of France) in 1803. The family of his father, Jean-Henri Sturm, had emigrated from Strasbourg around 1760 - about 50 years before Charles-François's birth. His mother's name was Jeanne-Louise-Henriette Gremay[1]. In 1818, he started to follow the lectures of the academy of Geneva. In 1819, the death of his father forced Sturm to give lessons to children of the rich in order to support his own family. In 1823, he became tutor to the son of Madame de Staël.

At the end of 1823, Sturm stayed in Paris for a short time following the family of his student. He resolved, with his school-fellow Colladon, to try his fortune in Paris, and obtained employment on the Bulletin universel. In 1829, he discovered the theorem which bears his name and which concerns the determination of the number and the localization of the real roots of a polynomial equation included between given limits.

Sturm benefited from the 1830 revolution, as his Protestant faith ceased to be an obstacle to employment in public high schools. At the end of 1830, he was thus appointed as a professor of Mathématiques Spéciales at the collège Rollin.

He was chosen a member of the Académie des Sciences in 1836, filling the seat of André-Marie Ampère. Sturm became répétiteur in 1838, and in 1840 professor in the École Polytechnique. The same year, after the death of SD Poisson, Sturm was appointed as mechanics professor of the Faculté des sciences de Paris. His works, Cours d'analyse de l'école polytechnique (1857–1863) and Cours de mécanique de l'école polytechnique (1861), were published after his death in Paris, and were regularly republished.

He was the co-eponym of the Sturm–Liouville theory with Joseph Liouville. Sturm's theorem is a basic result for counting and finding the real zeroes of polynomials.

In 1826, with his colleague Jean-Daniel Colladon, Sturm helped make the first experimental determination of the speed of sound in water.[2]

In 1851 his health began to fail. He was able to return to teaching for a while during his long illness, but in 1855 he died.[2]

The asteroid 31043 Sturm is named for him.[3] Sturm's name is one of the 72 names engraved at the Eiffel Tower.

Distinctions

Selected writing

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ "Sturm biography". www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk. Retrieved 2017-04-13.
  2. 1 2 J. J. O'Connor and E. F. Robertson (2001). "Biography: Jacques Charles François Sturm". University of St. Andrews School of Mathematical and Computational Sciences. Archived from the original on 21 November 2008. Retrieved 9 September 2011.
  3. ↑ Schmadel, Lutz D.; International Astronomical Union (2003). Dictionary of minor planet names. Berlin; New York: Springer-Verlag. p. 889. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3. Retrieved 9 September 2011.

References

  •  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Sturm, Jacques Charles François". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
  • O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Jacques Charles François Sturm", MacTutor History of Mathematics archive, University of St Andrews .
  • "Notice sur la vie et les travaux de M. Sturm", Nouvelles annales de mathématiques journal des candidats aux écoles polytechnique et normale, 15: 72, 1856
  • Texts on Wikisource:
    • "Sturm, Jacques Charles François". New International Encyclopedia. 1905.
    • "Sturm, Jacques Charles François". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). 1911.
    • "Sturm, Jacques-Charles-Francois". Encyclopedia Americana. 1920.
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