Isocetane

Isocetane
Names
	IUPAC name 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-Heptamethylnonane[1]
Identifiers
CAS Number	4390-04-9 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChEBI	CHEBI:131383 ;
ChemSpider	19228 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.022.280
EC Number	224-506-8
MeSH	2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane
PubChem CID	20414;
UNII	918X1OUF1E ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C16H34/c1-13(10-14(2,3)4)11-16(8,9)12-15(5,6)7/h13H,10-12H2,1-9H3 Key: VCLJODPNBNEBKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;
	SMILES CC(CC(C)(C)C)CC(C)(C)CC(C)(C)C;
Properties
Chemical formula	C16H34
Molar mass	226.45 g·mol−1
Appearance	Colourless liquid
Odor	Odourless
Density	793 mg mL−1
Boiling point	240.1 °C; 464.1 °F; 513.2 K
Vapor pressure	130 Pa (at 20 °C)
Refractive index (nD)	1.439
Thermochemistry
Heat capacity (C)	458.80 J K−1 mol−1
Hazards
Flash point	96.00 °C (204.80 °F; 369.15 K)
Related compounds
Related alkanes	2,3-Dimethylhexane; 2,5-Dimethylhexane; Pristane;
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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	Infobox references

Isocetane (2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane) is a highly branched alkane used as a reference in determining the cetane number of diesel.^[2] It is given a cetane number of 15. Isocetane replaced 1-methylnaphthalene as the lower reference for cetane number (1-methylnaphthalene has cetane number zero) owing to the expense of 1-methylnaphthalene, and difficulty in safe handling.^[3]

Strictly speaking, if the standard meaning of ‘iso’ is followed, the name isocetane should be reserved for the isomer 2-Methylpentadecane. However, 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane is by far the most important isomer of cetane and so, historically, it has ended up with this name.

References

↑ "2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane - Compound Summary". PubChem Compound. USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information. 26 March 2005. Identification and Related Records. Retrieved 12 March 2012.
↑ New system offers faster, easier method for cetane measurement by Bill Siuru, Diesel Progress, North American Edition, March, 2002
↑ Cetane number

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[1] "2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane - Compound Summary". PubChem Compound. USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information. 26 March 2005. Identification and Related Records. Retrieved 12 March 2012.

[2] New system offers faster, easier method for cetane measurement by Bill Siuru, Diesel Progress, North American Edition, March, 2002

[3] Cetane number