In hoc signo vinces

Detail from The Vision of the Cross by assistants of Raphael, depicting the vision of the cross and the Greek writing "Ἐν τούτῳ νίκα" in the sky, before the Battle of the Milvian Bridge.
"In hoc signo vinces" on a 1721 Portuguese coin from the reign of King João V.
Flag of Kallergis brothers.

"In hoc signo vinces" (Classical Latin: [ɪn hoːk ˈsɪŋnoː ˈwɪŋkeːs]; Ecclesiastical Latin: [in ɔk ˈsiɲɲo ˈvintʃes]) is a Latin phrase meaning "In this sign you will conquer", often also rendered in early modern English as "In this sign thou shalt conquer". It is a translation, or rendering, of the Greek phrase "ἐν τούτῳ νίκα", transliterated as "en toútōi níka" (Ancient Greek: [en tóːtɔ͜ːi níːkaː], Greek pronunciation: [en ˈtuto ˈnika]), literally meaning "in this, conquer".

History

Lucius Caecilius Firmianus Lactantius was an early Christian author (c. 240 – c. 320) who became an advisor to the first Christian Roman emperor, Constantine I (and tutor to his son), guiding the Emperor's religious policy as it developed during his reign.[1] His work De Mortibus Persecutorum has an apologetic character, but has been treated as a work of history by Christian writers. Here Lactantius preserves the story of Constantine's vision of the Chi Rho before his conversion to Christianity.[2] The full text is found in only one manuscript, which bears the title, Lucii Caecilii liber ad Donatum Confessorem de Mortibus Persecutorum.

The historian bishop Eusebius of Caesaria states that Constantine was marching with his army (Eusebius does not specify the actual location of the event, but it is clearly not in the camp at Rome), when he looked up to the sun and saw a cross of light above it, and with it the Greek words "(ἐν) τούτῳ νίκα" ("In this, conquer"),[3] a phrase often rendered into Latin as in hoc signo vinces ("in this sign, you will conquer").[4]

At first, Constantine did not know the meaning of the apparition, but on the following night, he had a dream in which Christ explained to him that he should use the sign of the cross against his enemies. Eusebius then continues to describe the Labarum,[5] the military standard used by Constantine in his later wars against Licinius, showing the Chi-Rho sign. The accounts by Lactantius and Eusebius, though not entirely consistent, have been connected to the Battle of the Milvian Bridge (312 AD), having merged into a popular notion of Constantine seeing the Chi-Rho sign on the evening before the battle.

The phrase appears prominently placed as a motto on a ribbon unfurled with a passion cross to its left, beneath a window over the Scala Regia, adjacent to the equestrian statue of Emperor Constantine, in the Vatican. Emperors and other monarchs, having paid respects to the Pope, descended the Scala Regia, and would observe the light shining down through the window, with the motto, reminiscent of Constantine's vision, and be reminded to follow the Cross. They would thence turn right into the atrium of St. Peter's Basilica, ostensibly so inspired.

The Kingdom of Portugal has used this motto since 1143, according with the legend in Lusíadas.

Cultural references

Military

Organizations

Emblem of the Knights Templar, Grand Encampment, U.S.A. of Freemasonry.

Schools

In hoc signo vinces is the motto of:

Sports

  • Crest of the Royal Hockey Club, Antwerp, Belgium[24]
  • Motto of the Carlstad Crusaders, Sweden's dominant American Football team in Karlstad, Sweden[25]

Other

Motto of Wah Yan College Hong Kong and Wah Ya College Kowloon

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ "Lucius Caecilius Firmianus Lactantius". Online Catholic Encyclopedia. New Advent.
  2. ↑ Roberts, Alexander; Donaldson, James, eds. (1871). "The manner in which persecutors died. Chapter 44". The works of Lactantius. Volume II. Ante-Nicene Christian Library: Translations of the writings of the Fathers. Down to A.D. 325. XXII. Edinburgh. p. 203.
  3. ↑ Eusebius. "1.28". Vita Constantini (PDF). www.documentacatholicaomnia.eu. p. 944.
  4. ↑ Haaren, John H.; Poland, A. B. (2006) [1904]. Famous Men of Rome. Yesterday's Classics. p. 229. ISBN 978-159915-046-8.
  5. ↑ Eusebius, Vita Constantini 1.31, p. 946.
  6. ↑ Chadwick, Owen. 1981. The Popes and European Revolution. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-826919-6. p. 474.
  7. ↑ Helene P. Kokkone; Katerina Korre-Zographou; Chrysa Daskalopoulou (1997). Ελληνικές Σημαίες, Σήματα, Εμβλήματα (in Greek). Athens: G. Tsiberiotes. ISBN 960-7795-01-6.
  8. ↑ "Εμβλήματα: XXII ΤΘΤ" (in Greek). Hellenic Army General Staff.
  9. ↑ former marine=John L Huber=year1971
  10. ↑ "Sigma Chi Crest".
  11. ↑ "hcckalutara.net".
  12. ↑ "JPSB.us". Archived from the original on 14 April 2008. Retrieved 30 November 2017.
  13. ↑ [www.itmerida.edu.mx]. "Instituto Tecnologico de Merida".
  14. ↑ "HCCAAB.org". Archived from the original on 7 July 2008.
  15. ↑ "Holy Cross School • Home".
  16. ↑ "ჯიპა - საქართველოს საზოგადოებრივ საქმეთა ინსტიტუტი - GIPA".
  17. ↑ "Home".
  18. ↑ "Wah Yan College Kowloon".
  19. ↑ "College Seal". College of the Holy Cross. Archived from the original on 25 March 2014. Retrieved 25 March 2014.
  20. ↑ "Home - St Joseph's Grammar School, Donaghmore".
  21. ↑ "SaintEunans - We Lead The Way".
  22. ↑ "Welcome to Strangford Integrated College - Strangford Integrated College". Strangford Integrated College. Retrieved 30 November 2017.
  23. ↑ Holy Cross High School, Philips, Bukidnon
  24. ↑ Thys, Wilm. ":: KHC Dragons ::".
  25. ↑ "Carlstad Crusaders AFC - Amerikansk Fotboll".
  26. ↑ Grierson, Philip (1982). Byzantine Coins. University of California Press. p. 111. ISBN 0-520-04897-0.
  27. ↑ "Story of Coat of Arms". 24 November 2010. Retrieved 4 January 2012.
  28. ↑ Municipiodebayamon.com
  29. ↑ "Zdzisław Beksiński: x11". art.vniz.net. Retrieved 2016-12-27.
  30. ↑ "Pall Mall Example". Retrieved 30 November 2017.
  31. ↑ Chris Harrald et al. The Cigarette Book: The History and Culture of Smoking

Sources

  • Eusebius. "1.28". Βίος Κωνσταντίνου [Vita Constantini] (in Greek). At the Internet Archive.
  • Eusebius. "1.28". Eusebius - Constantine and the sign of the cross. www.earlychurchtexts.com (in Greek). Passages 1.26-31 of Vita Constantini.
  • Eusebius. "1.28". Vita Constantini (PDF). www.documentacatholicaomnia.eu (in Latin). Book 1. p. 7 (21–22 on scanned book).
  • Lactantius. "Lucii Caecilii liber ad Donatum Confessorem de Mortibus Persecutorum". www.thelatinlibrary.com (in Latin).
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