iconv

In Unix-like operating systems, iconv (an abbreviation of internationalization conversion)[1] is a command-line program[2] and a standardized application programming interface (API)[3] used to convert between different character encodings. "It can convert from any of these encodings to any other, through Unicode conversion."[4]

History

Initially appearing on the HP-UX operating system,[5]iconv() as well as the utility was standardized within XPG4 and is part of the Single UNIX Specification (SUS).

Implementations

All recent Linux distributions contain a free implementation of iconv utility and iconv() function as part of the GNU C Library which is the C library for current Linux systems. The library's iconv() function[6] as well as the utility[7] is licensed as LGPL, so it is linkable with closed source applications. To use the library, the GNU glibc locales need to be installed, which are provided as a separate package (usually named glibc-locale) normally installed by default.

GNU also provides a separate iconv implementation in its "libiconv" package. Unlike the glibc implementation, the utility in "libiconv" is licensed under GPL, so software linking to it must be GPL compatible.[4] This separate implementation can be seen in non-glibc platforms that still need iconv functionalities such as Cygwin[8] and GnuWin32.[9]

The uconv utility from International Components for Unicode provides an iconv-compatible command-line syntax for transcoding.

Support

Currently, over a hundred different character encodings are supported.[4]

Ports

Under Microsoft Windows, the iconv library and the utility is provided by GNU's libiconv found in Cygwin[8] and GnuWin32[9] environments; there is also a "purely Win32" implementation called "win-iconv" that uses Windows' built-in routines for conversion.[10] The iconv function is also available for many programming languages.

Usage

stdin can be converted from ISO-8859-1 to current locale and output to stdout using:[11]

iconv -f iso-8859-1

An input file infile can be converted from ISO-8859-1 to UTF-8 and output to output file outfile using:

iconv -f iso-8859-1 -t utf-8 <infile >outfile

See also

References

  1. ↑ "R: Convert Character Vector between Encodings". astrostatistics.psu.edu. Retrieved 21 April 2018.
  2. ↑ "iconv". pubs.opengroup.org. Retrieved 21 April 2018.
  3. ↑ "iconv". www.opengroup.org. Retrieved 21 April 2018.
  4. 1 2 3 "libiconv - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)". www.gnu.org. Retrieved 21 April 2018.
  5. ↑ "iconv(3C)". docstore.mik.ua. Retrieved 21 April 2018.
  6. ↑ "glibc: iconv/iconv.c". Retrieved 30 November 2016.
  7. ↑ "glibc: iconv/iconv_prog.c". Retrieved 30 November 2016.
  8. 1 2 "Cygwin Package Search: libiconv". Archived from the original on 30 November 2016. Retrieved 30 November 2016.
  9. 1 2 "LibIconv for Windows". gnuwin32.sourceforge.net. Retrieved 21 April 2018.
  10. ↑ "win32-iconv". GitHub. Retrieved 30 November 2016.
  11. ↑ "IBM Knowledge Center". www-01.ibm.com. Retrieved 21 April 2018.


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