Hypersonic flight

Hypersonic flight is flight through the atmosphere below about 90km at speeds above Mach 5, a speed where dissociation of air begins to become significant and high heat loads exist.

History

The first manufactured object to achieve hypersonic flight was the two-stage Bumper rocket, consisting of a WAC Corporal second stage set on top of a V-2 first stage. On February 1949, at White Sands, the rocket reached a speed of 5,150 miles per hour, or approximately Mach 6.7.[1] The vehicle, however, burned on atmospheric re-entry, and only charred remnants were found. In April 1961, Russian Major Yuri Gagarin became the first human to travel at hypersonic speed, during the world's first piloted orbital flight. Soon after, in May 1961, Alan Shepard became the first American and second person to achieve hypersonic flight when his capsule reentered the atmosphere at a speed above Mach 5 at the end of his suborbital flight over the Atlantic Ocean.

In November, 1961, Air Force Major Robert White flew the X-15 research airplane at speeds over Mach 6.[2][3]

Hypersonic weapons development

According to Air Force Chief Scientist, Dr. Greg Zacharias, the US anticipates having hypersonic weapons by the 2020s, hypersonic drones by the 2030s and recoverable hypersonic drone aircraft by the 2040s.[4]

Rand Corporation (28 September 2017) estimates there is less than a decade to prevent Hypersonic Missile proliferation.[5] [6] [7] [8] [9] See: Prompt Global Strike

Flown aircraft

Hypersonic aircraft

Spaceplanes

Cancelled aircraft

Hypersonic aircraft

Spaceplanes

Developing and proposed aircraft

Hypersonic aircraft

Cruise missiles and warheads

See also

References

  1. ↑ Winter, Frank (2000-08-03). "V-2 missile". Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum. airandspace.si.edu. Retrieved 2018-08-16.
  2. ↑ White, Robert. "Across the Hypersonic Divide". HistoryNet. HistoryNet LLC. Retrieved 11 October 2015.
  3. ↑ "Hypersonic plane passes latest test - Just In - ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation)". Abc.net.au. 2010-03-22. Retrieved 2014-02-18.
  4. ↑ Osborn, Kris. "Get Ready, Russia and China: America's Next Fighter Jet Will Dominate the Skies". The National Interest. Retrieved 2 March 2018.
  5. ↑ Rand Corporation (28 September 2017) Hypersonic Missile Nonproliferation
  6. ↑ Amanda Macias (21 March 2018; Updated 22 March 2018) Russia and China are 'aggressively developing' hypersonic weapons — here's what they are and why the US can't defend against them: America's top nuclear commander said the U.S. doesn't have defenses against hypersonic weapons. Russia and China are leading the way in developing hypersonic weapons.
  7. ↑ Joseph Trevithick (6 September 2018) DARPA Starts Work On "Glide Breaker" Hypersonic Weapons Defense Project
  8. 1 2 "Putin unveils new nuclear missile, says 'listen to us now'". nbcnews.com. Retrieved 2 March 2018.
  9. ↑ Amanda Macias (FRI, OCT 12 2018 • 1:43 PM EDT | UPDATED FRI, OCT 12 2018 • 6:37 PM EDT) Russia hits a snag in developing a hypersonic weapon after Putin said it was already in production
  10. ↑ http://aviationweek.com/commercial-aviation/boeing-unveils-hypersonic-airliner-concept
  11. ↑ https://www.popularmechanics.com/flight/a21948533/boeing-hypersonic-passenger-plane-concept/
  12. ↑ D. Preller and P. M. Smart, "Abstract: SPARTAN: Scramjet Powered Accelerator for Reusable Technology AdvaNcement," 2014. http://rispace.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/33_preller.pdf
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