House of Stolberg

Coat of arms of the counts of Stolberg before 1429

Overall coat of arms of the House of Stolberg from 1742

The princes and counts of Stolberg are members of a large German family of the higher aristocracy (Hoher Adel) in the Holy Roman Empire. The house has numerous branches.

History

There are over ten different theories about the origin of the counts of Stolberg, but none has been become commonly accepted. However, it is most likely that they are descended from the counts of Hohnstein. The first representative of this family, Count Henry of Stolberg, appears in a 1210 document, having already been mentioned in 1200 as Count Henry of Voigtstedt. Although Voigtstedt near Artern was the initial seat of this comital family, it had moved to Stolberg (Harz) no later than the beginning of the 13th century. The castle there remained in the hands of the family until they were dispossessed as part of the 1945 land reform in the Soviet Zone of occupation in Germany created after the Second World War.

In 1429 the counts of Stolberg succeeded in purchasing the County of Wernigerode in the Northern Harz as part of a contract of inheritance and thereby extended their area of influence considerably.

In 1645 the house was permanently divided into the Older Main Line (Ältere Hauptlinie) of Stolberg-Wernigerode and the Younger Main Line (Jüngere Hauptlinie) of Stolberg-Stolberg. At the beginning of the 18th century, the lines of Stolberg-Gedern (to 1804) and Stolberg-Schwarza (to 1748) branched off from Stolberg-Wernigerode. In 1706, Stolberg-Stolberg was divided into the two lines of Stolberg-Stolberg and Stolberg-Rossla.

In 1742 representatives of the line of Stolberg-Gedern were elevated to the Estate of Imperial Princes (Reichsfürstenstand) by Emperor Charles VII.

In the 18th century, as a result of mediatisation, the imperially immediate counts of Stolberg-Wernigerode were forced to subordinate themselves to the Kingdom of Prussia and the counts of Stolberg-Stolberg and Stolberg-Roßla likewise to the Electorate of Saxony. On the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire's German nation in 1806 the Stolbergs lost their imperial comital status and, in 1815, finally became mediatized Prussian princes. However, the families retained certain privileges as to the Lutheran state churches of their mediatised state countries and had heritable seats in the Prussian House of Lords.

The then lord and his first-born son and heir presumptive in the family estate of the Houses of Stolberg-Wernigerode or Stolberg-Stolberg and Stolberg-Roßla were granted permission on 22 October 1890 and 1893 respectively by Emperor William II to bear princely titles. In 1980 a branch of the line of Stolberg-Stolberg was incorporated into the Dutch nobility without, however, acknowledgement of their princely title.

There is also a minor branch, which, because of the communist regime, wears the name "Stoll". Their origins can be found in a minor branch from the old main line, and can be proved until 1247, date of their splitting with the main branch. Their coat of arms is a forest knight, decorated with oak leaves, and surmounted by 3 six-branched stars. Their history is nevertheless complicated, and traces of their existence can only be found in some ancient documents, and in their own family archives.

Former territories, estates and seats (selection)

Stolberg Castle

Wernigerode Castle

Rossla Castle

Important members of the family (selection)

Juliana of Stolberg (1506–1580), wife of William, Count of Nassau and mother of William I of Orange

Princess Louise of Stolberg-Gedern, Countess of Albany (1752–1824), wife of the Jacobite claimant to the English and Scottish thrones Charles Edward Stuart ("Bonnie Prince Charlie")

Prince Otto of Stolberg-Wernigerode (1837–1896), Vice-Chancellor of Germany

• Count Henry of Stolberg (died 1357), Bishop of Merseburg
• Count Botho of Stolberg the Elder (died 1455)
• Countess Katharina of Stolberg (1463–1535), Abbess of Drübeck Abbey
• Count Henry the Younger of Stolberg (1467–1508), Governor of Frisia
• Count Botho of Stolberg (1467–1538)
• Count Wolfgang of Stolberg (1501–1552)
• Anna II of Stolberg (1504–1574), imperial abbess of Quedlinburg
• Anna III of Stolberg (1565–1601), imperial abbess of Quedlinburg
• Count Louis of Stolberg (1505–1574)
• Countess Juliana of Stolberg (1506–1580)
• Count Henry of Stolberg (1509–1572)
• Count Wolf Ernest of Stolberg (1546–1606)
• Count Henry Ernest of Stolberg (1593–1672), founder of the Elder Main Line of the House of Stolberg
• Count John Martin of Stolberg (1594–1669), founder of the Younger Main Line of the House of Stolberg
• Count Ernest of Stolberg (1650–1710)

Coat of arms

Family coat of arms : In Gold ein schreitender schwarzer Hirsch; auf dem Helm mit schwarz-goldenen Decken ein natürlicher Pfauenschweif zwischen 2 silbernen Straußenfedern.

Sources

• (in German) Stammtafeln des mediatisierten Hauses Stolberg, 1887 
• Jörg Brückner (2005) (in German), Zwischen Reichsstandschaft und Standesherrschaft. Die Grafen zu Stolberg und ihr Verhältnis zu den Landgrafen von Thüringen und späteren Herzögen, Kurfürsten bzw. Königen von Sachsen 1210–1815, Verlag Janos Stekovics, ISBN 3-89923-119-8 
• Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels, Fürstliche Häuser, Band XVIII, 2007
• Philipp Fürst zu Stolberg-Wernigerode und Jost-Christian Fürst zu Stolberg-Stolberg (ed.): Stolberg 1210–2010: Zur achthundertjährigen Geschichte des Geschlechts. Verlag Janos Stekovics, Dößel 2010, ISBN 978-3-89923-252-3.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Stolberg (nobility).

• Wappen der "Graffen von Stollnbergk“ in Ortenburger Wappenbuch of 1466
• Wappen der Grafen von Stolberg in Wappenbuch besonders deutscher Geschlechter, Augsburg, 1515 - 1650
• Genealogies of the House of Stolberg
• Literature about the counts of Stolberg in the Wildenfels Castle Archives