Chalavadi
| Regions with significant populations | |
|---|---|
| Karnataka, India | |
| Languages | |
| Kannada | |
| Religion | |
|
Predominantly: Hinduism Minorities: |
Chalavādi (Chalawadi, Chalwadi, Chelvadi, Chelavadi & Chaluvadi[1]) is a caste in Scheduled Caste of India, mainly belonging to Karnataka, "who are generally called formerly as Adi Dravida, Adi Karnataka (Mysore side), Channaiah or Channayya"[2](Bidar, Belgaum, Bijapur and Dharwad districts[2]), Toti, Byagara, Whalliaru or Whallias, Holia's or Mha'rs (Belgaum side) and Holaya (Synonym's: Holar or Valhar, Holer, Holeyar Parayan, Holeya or Holiya & Halleer) is the servant of the right-hand, or eighteen-caste section of the community, and the custodian of its symbol, namely, the bell and the ladle (Gandadabatlu). These are made of brass and are connected together by a chain of the same metal, and sometimes they are placed before Sangameshwara gaddige and Pūjā made to them. The members use, among themselves, the term Balagai[3][4] as they are classed among the eighteen castes that form the right-hand section of the community in Dravida countries. Chalavadi's are well dressed and stands with a blanket under his arm. He carries a brass image of Shiva seated on a bull. The image is overshadowed with the hood of a snake and is fixed to the upper end of a brass spoon. A brass bell hangs from the handle of the spoon to the Chelvadi’s knee in front. From time to time, the Chelvadi sings hymns in honour of Shiva and rings the bell
Origin
Chalvadi is said to be disciples of Basava. They came with the Maharaja of the Vijayanagar empire and settled in different districts. they are considered as the right-hand caste as opposed to the left-hand who are the Madars or Madiga.
Chalavadi's were agricultural labourer during the 17th century to 18th century and were divided into Kuliyalugalu (hired labourer's) and Muladalugalu or Mulada Holeya (hereditary serfs) depending on nature of employment in Agrarian society.[5]
Subdivision
Karnataka
The important sections of Holeyas were the Pombada (Bhuta dancers), the Bakuda or Mundala, the Holeya or Mari Holeya, the Koragar (basket maker) & Nalke (Bhuta Dancers).[6] but only Holeya or Mari Holeya considered Chalavadis, not others.
Demography
Population of Right-hand Community
| Synonym of Caste | State | Population Size | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chalavadi | Karnataka | ||
| Mahar | Maharashtra | ||
| Mala | Andra Pradesh | 85 lakhs as per 2001 census | [7] |
| Mala | Telangana | ||
| Pulayar | Kerala | 1,041,540 as per 2001 census | [8] |
| Paraiyar | Tamil Nadu | 11.63 percent of the state's population | [9] |
References
- ↑ "Madiga, Chaluvadi communities seek internal reservation". The Hindu. 2007-02-08. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 2017-10-25.
- 1 2 Singh, Kumar Suresh (1995). The Scheduled Castes. 10. Oxford University Press. p. 297. ISBN 9780195637427.
- ↑ Rao, Nandalike Jagannath Usha (1981). Deprived Castes in India: A Profile of Karnataka. Chugh Publications. p. 335.
- ↑ "Discontent in 'left' group of SCs may cost BJP dear". The Hindu. 2009-03-07. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 2017-10-15.
- ↑ Bhat, N. Shyam (1998-01-01). South Kanara, 1799-1860: A Study in Colonial Administration and Regional Response. Mittal Publications. p. 194. ISBN 9788170995869.
- ↑ Bhat, N. Shyam (1998-01-01). South Kanara, 1799-1860: A Study in Colonial Administration and Regional Response. Mittal Publications. p. 26. ISBN 9788170995869.
- ↑ "Andhra Pradesh DATA HIGHLIGHTS: THE SCHEDULED CASTES Census of India 2001" (PDF). censusindia.gov.in. 10 January 2018. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 January 2017. Retrieved 10 January 2018.
- ↑ "KERALA DATA HIGHLIGHTS : THE SCHEDULED CASTES Census of India 2001" (PDF). censusindia.gov.in. 10 January 2018. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 November 2017. Retrieved 10 January 2018.
- ↑ "Tamil Nadu DATA HIGHLIGHTS : THE SCHEDULED CASTES Census of India 2001" (PDF). censusindia.gov.in. 10 January 2018. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 November 2017. Retrieved 10 January 2018.