Hispaniolan oriole

Hispaniolan oriole
Scientific classification
Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Chordata
Class:Aves
Order:Passeriformes
Family:Icteridae
Genus:Icterus
Species: I. dominicensis
Binomial name
Icterus dominicensis
(Linnaeus, 1766)
Synonyms

Oriolus dominicensis Linnaeus, 1766

The Hispaniolan oriole (Icterus dominicensis) is a species of bird in the family Icteridae. It is endemic to Hispaniola.

The taxon was formerly lumped with the Cuban oriole (Icterus melanopsis), Bahama oriole (Icterus northropi), and Puerto Rican oriole (Icterus portoricensis) into a single species until all four were elevated to full species in 2010.[2]

Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests, subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical mangrove forests, and plantations.

Taxonomy

In 1760 the French zoologist Mathurin Jacques Brisson included a description of the Hispaniolan oriole in his Ornithologie based on a specimen collected on the French colony of Saint-Domingue on the Caribbean island of Hispaniola. He used the French name Le carouge de S. Domingue and the Latin name Xanthornus Dominicensis.[3] Although Brisson coined Latin names, these do not conform to the binomial system and are not recognised by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature.[4] When in 1766 the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus updated his Systema Naturae for the twelfth edition, he added 240 species that had been previously described by Brisson.[4] One of these was the Hispaniolan oriole. Linnaeus included a brief description, coined the binomial name Oriolus dominicensis and cited Brisson's work.[5] This species is now placed in the genus Icterus that was also introduced by Brisson.[6]

Description

Similar to other tropical orioles, the males and females appear alike in color [7] The Hispaniolan oriole does not show as much yellow as the Bahama oriole (Icterus northropi), but it does show the most yellow out of the other Greater Antillean orioles including the Cuban oriole (Icterus melanopsis) and the Puerto Rican oriole (Icterus portoricensis) The shoulders, thighs, and bottoms of adult orioles are yellow while the rest of the oriole is black.[8] On average, the Hispaniolan oriole is about 20–22 cm long. Males also on average weigh 35-38 g which is slightly more than the females who on average weigh 33-40g.[9]

Their call is a sharp kt or check sound and their song, which can only be heard after dawn, is a sequence of high-pitched whistles.[10]

Behaviour

The Hispaniolan oriole's breeding season lasts March through June.[11] The clutch usually contains 3-4 eggs that are white or pale blue with red-brown spots.[12] The Shiny cowbird (Molothrus bonariensis) is a brood parasite of the oriole.[13]

Hispaniolan orioles feed on fruit, insects, and nectar.[14]

Status

The population could suffer decline from brood parasitism and habitat loss, but currently, it is listed as "Least Concern" on IUCN Red List.[15]

References

  1. ↑ BirdLife International (2013). "Icterus dominicensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
  2. ↑ Chesser, R. T., R. C. Banks, F. K. Barker, C. Cicero, J. L. Dunn, A. W. Kratter, I. J. Lovette, P. C. Rasmussen, J. V. Remsen, Jr, J. D. Rising , D. F. Stotz, and K. Winker. 2010. Fifty-first supplement to the American Ornithologists’ Union Check-list of North American Birds. Auk 127(3):726-744.
  3. ↑ Brisson, Mathurin Jacques (1760). Ornithologie, ou, Méthode contenant la division des oiseaux en ordres, sections, genres, especes & leurs variétés (in French and Latin). Volume 2. Paris: Jean-Baptiste Bauche. pp. 121–123, Plate 12 fig 3. The two stars (**) at the start of the section indicates that Brisson based his description on the examination of a specimen.
  4. 1 2 Allen, J.A. (1910). "Collation of Brisson's genera of birds with those of Linnaeus". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 28: 317–335.
  5. ↑ Linnaeus, Carl (1766). Systema naturae : per regna tria natura, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis (in Latin). Volume 1, Part 1 (12th ed.). Holmiae (Stockholm): Laurentii Salvii. p. 163.
  6. ↑ Brisson, Mathurin Jacques (1760). Ornithologie, ou, Méthode contenant la division des oiseaux en ordres, sections, genres, especes & leurs variétés (in French and Latin). Paris: Jean-Baptiste Bauche. Vol. 1 p. 30, Vol. 2 p. 85.
  7. ↑ Hofmann, C., T. Cronin, K. Omland. 2008. Evolution of sexual dichromatism. 1. Convergent losses of elaborate female coloration in New World orioles (Icterus spp.). Auk, 125:778-789.
  8. ↑ Jaramillo, A., P. Burke. 1999. New World Blackbirds Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
  9. ↑ Fraga, R. (2016). Hispaniolan Oriole (Icterus dominicensis). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. (retrieved from http://www.hbw.com/node/62270 on 25 October 2016).
  10. ↑ Fraga, R. (2016). Hispaniolan Oriole (Icterus dominicensis). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. (retrieved from http://www.hbw.com/node/62270 on 25 October 2016).
  11. ↑ Garrido, O., J. Wiley, A. Kirkconnell. 2005. Genus Icterus in the West Indies. Ornitologia Neotropical, 16:449-470
  12. ↑ Jaramillo, A., P. Burke. 1999. New World Blackbirds Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
  13. ↑ Latta, Steven, Christopher Rimmer, Allan Keith, James Wiley, Herbert A. Raffaele, Kent McFarland, and Eladio Fernandez. "Birds of the Dominican Republic and Haiti." Princeton University Press. N.p., 23 Apr. 2010. Web. 01 Nov. 2016.
  14. ↑ Garrido, O., J. Wiley, A. Kirkconnell. 2005. Genus Icterus in the West Indies. Ornitologia Neotropical, 16:449-470
  15. ↑ Fraga, R. (2016). Hispaniolan Oriole (Icterus dominicensis). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. (retrieved from http://www.hbw.com/node/62270 on 25 October 2016).
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