Highland Valley Copper mine

Early Years

The earliest roots of the Bethlehem mining operations began when the Jersey zone was staked and bonded to a French syndicate c. 1886 – c. 1887. This claim changed hands several times until finally in October 1954 when the Huestis-Reynolds-McLallen Syndicate sponsored a prospective examination covering 100 claims including Jersey and surrounding zones.^[2]

Copper was known to occur in the Cascade Mountains near Princeton as the productive mines of Allenby in 1914 had shown. On the strength of this, prospectors searched for other deposits in the region. These they found north of Merritt and east of Ashcroft at Logan Lake at the Jersey zone.

1950s-1960s

In February 1955 the Bethlehem Copper Corporation finalized the purchase of the 141 claims in the area and partnered with ASARCO to develop the property. The deposit was large, but of low grade copper ore (less than 1 percent). The mines sat waiting for the richer deposits to yield, and for technology to improve to process large amounts of ore.

In February 1960, Bethlehem Copper Corporation made an agreement with the Japanese group Sumitomo for $5.5 million USD to bring the property into production. Construction began in July 1961. At the time, Jersey and East Jersey were identified as zones containing suitable ore for production, and an assessment was completed of the area between the two zones. It was found that this middle area did not have suitable deposits to favour commercial operation and the Jersey and East Jersey zones were mined separately. This operation of two mines in close proximity by the same company lead to a case brought before the Supreme Court of Canada on what constituted a mine for tax purposes.^[3]

Production of the East Jersey pit began on November 28, 1962, and continued until February 17, 1965, when a rock slide forced the Company to end the pit's life early. Production of the Jersey pit began quickly after.

1970s and 1980s

The Jersey pit was given an extension in 1977, extending its life another 5 years. Two minor additional pits were also operated for brief periods during this time: Huestis from 1970 to 1976 and Iona from 1976 to 1979.^[2]

On the south side of the valley the Lornex mine began mining in 1972.^[4]

In 1981 Cominco, who already owned the claim to the Valley Copper deposit located west of Bethlehem, purchased Bethlehem Copper to consolidate the nearby operations. Mining of the original Bethlehem Copper pits ceased in 1982. The Bethlehem concentrator continued to operate on ore from the Valley Copper deposit until June of 1989.

Production on the Valley Copper mine, now the largest mine and most noticeable feature, began in January 1983. ^[5] For fifty years the ore was dug using shovels and open pit methods. A very large pit ensued--half a mile deep and two miles in diameter.

Highland Valley Copper was created in mid-1986 when the Highland Valley mining operations of Lornex Mining Corporation Ltd. and Cominco Ltd. were combined into a new single entity, structured as a partnership.

The Highmont mill on the south side of the valley was acquired in 1988 when Highmont Mining Company joined the partnership. This mill had been closed down in 1984 when the Highmont deposit became uneconomical.