Hemp hurds

Raw hemp hurds

Hemp hurds, also known as shives or hemp wood, are an agricultural product made from hemp. Hurds consist of "the woody inner portion of the hemp stalk, broken into pieces and separated from the fiber in the processes of breaking and scutching" and "correspond to the shives in flax, but are coarser and usually softer in texture".[1] Hurds have traditionally been a by-product of fiber production.[2]

Decortication

A partly decorticated hemp straw

Decortication separates bast fiber from the hurd. The fine bast fiber is used to make textiles. Decortication is accomplished by manually crushing, a labor-intensive process, or by a hemp decorticator machine.[3][4]

Uses

Particleboard made from hemp hurds

Hurds can be used as stock in papermaking;[5][1] particleboard, hempcrete,[6] and other construction composites;[7] or bedding for animals,[5] particularly in horse stalls, which is the most common use (by weight) in Europe.[8]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 Pulp and Paper 1917.
  2. ↑ Fike 2017.
  3. ↑ Horne 2012, p. 133.
  4. ↑ Bouloc 2013, p. 152 (diagram of decortication and fiber extraction process)
  5. 1 2 Dewey & Merrill 1916.
  6. ↑ "'Growing' a Truly Green Home", Manila Bulletin, December 23, 2013 – via HighBeam (subscription required)
  7. ↑ Aguilera 2013, p. 288.
  8. ↑ Carus, Vogt & Breuer 2008.

Sources

  • Dewey, Lyster H.; Merrill, Jason L. (October 14, 1916), Hemp hurds as paper-making material, U.S. Department of Agriculture, p. 5, USDA Bulletin 404 – via Internet Archive
  • Pulp and Paper Magazine of Canada. Pulp and Paper Magazine. XV. January 11, 1917. p. 53.
  • Aguilera, Alfredo (2013), "Non-wood lignocellulosic composites", Research Developments in Wood Engineering and Technology, IGI Global, ISBN 9781466645554
  • Carus, Michael; Vogt, Dominik; Breuer, Thomas (2008), Studie zur Markt- und Konkurrenzsituation bei Naturfasern und Naturfaser-Werkstoffen (Deutschland und EU) [Studies on the markets for natural fibers and natural fiber materials (Germany and EU)] (PDF), Gülzower technical discussions (in German), Band 26, Gülzow: Fachagentur Nachwachsende Rohstoffe
  • Horne, M.R.L. (2012), "Bast fibres: hemp cultivation and production § fibre extraction (6.5)", in Kozłowski, Ryszard M., Handbook of Natural Fibres: Types, Properties and Factors Affecting Breeding and Cultivation, Woodhead Publishing Series in Textiles, Elsevier Science, pp. 131–137, ISBN 978-0-85709-550-3
  • Bouloc, Pierre (2013), "The industrial hemp economy", Hemp: Industrial Production and Uses, CABI, pp. 145–161, ISBN 978-1-84593-793-5
  • Fike, John (4 January 2017), "Industrial Hemp: Renewed Opportunities for an Ancient Crop", Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 35 (5–6): 406–424, doi:10.1080/07352689.2016.1257842
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