Hawrami dialects

Horami
ھۆرامی
Native to Iraq and Iran
Region Hawraman
Native speakers
 330,000 (2010)[1]
Dialects
  • Lahuni (Lehûnî)
  • Tekhti (Textî)
  • Basarani (Bêsaranî)
  • Halabjayi (Helebceyî)
  • Shaykhani (Şeyxanî)
Language codes
ISO 639-3 hac (ambiguous with Gorani)
Glottolog hawr1242  Horaman-I Luhon[2]
hawr1243  Horaman-I Taxt[3]
Geographic distribution of Kurdish and other Iranian languages spoken by Kurds

Horami (ھۆرامی; Horamî) also known as Avromani, Awromani or Owrami, is one of the main groups of dialects of the Gorani language, a subgroup of Northwestern Iranian languages. Like all other Gorani varieties, it has some phonological features which distinguish it from the Kurdish languages, though it is surrounded by Kurdish dialects and has been affected by them.[4]

Etymology

It is regarded as the most archaic of the Gorani group.[5]

Dialects

The Horami dialects are:

  • Lahuni (Lehûnî)
  • Tekhti (Textî)
  • Basarani (Bêsaranî)
  • Halabjayi (Helebceyî)
  • Shaykhani (Şeyxanî)

Demographics

According to a survey carried out by the Summer Institute of Linguistics in 1996 there were 200,000 speakers of Horami in the world.[6]

It is mostly spoken in the Hawraman region, a mountainous region located in western Iran (Iranian Kurdistan) and northeastern Iraq (Iraqi Kurdistan). The key cities of this region are Pawe in Iran and Halabja in Iraq. Horami is sometimes called Auramani or Horami by people foreign to the region.

Generally, the majority of Horami speakers can also speak Sorani Kurdish, and Arabic or Persian, in order to communicate with other people in neighboring cities.

Siya Cheman

Both the Zazas and Gorani speakers adhere to a form of Yazdânism or Ali-Illahism. Groups with similar beliefs also exist in all parts of Kurdistan.

Research

The notable professor Zare Yusupova, has carried out a lot of work and research into the Hawarami dialect (as well as many other minority/ancient Kurdish dialects).[7]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Horami at Ethnologue (16th ed., 2009)
  2. ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Horaman-I Luhon". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  3. ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Horaman-I Taxt". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  4. ↑ Hawrami dialects at Encyclopædia Iranica
  5. ↑ Hawrami dialects at Encyclopædia Iranica
  6. ↑ "THE KURDISH PEOPLES". Retrieved 2 July 2013.
  7. ↑ Leezenberg, M. (Jun 15, 2016). Soviet Kurdology and Kurdish Orientalism. researchgate.net. p. 10. Retrieved 24 Nov 2017.
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