Hammondia hammondi

Hammondia hammondi
Scientific classification
Domain: Eukaryota
(unranked): SAR
(unranked): Alveolata
Phylum: Apicomplexa
Class: Conoidasida
Subclass: Coccidiasina
Order: Eucoccidiorida
Suborder: Eimeriorina
Family: Sarcocystidae
Subfamily: Toxoplasmatinae
Genus: Hammondia
Species: H. parasanguinis
Binomial name
Hammondia hammondi
Frenkel & Dubey 1975

Hammondia hammondi is a species of obligate heteroxenous parasitic alveolates of domestic cats (final host). Intracellular cysts develop mainly in striated muscle. After the ingestion of cysts by cats, a multiplicative cycle precedes the development of gametocytes in the epithelium of the small intestine (each oocyst of the species averaging 11×13 μm). Oocyst shedding persists for 10 to 28 days followed by immunity. Cysts in skeletal muscle measure between 100 and 340 μm in length and 40 and 95 μm in width. Some of the intermediate hosts (guinea pigs, hamsters, etc. studied) develop low levels of antibody and some cross-immunity against Toxoplasma.[1]

References

  1. ↑ Frenkel, J. K.; Dubey, J. P. (1975). "Hammondia hammondi gen. nov., sp.nov., from domestic cats, a new coccidian related to Toxoplasma and Sarcocystis". Zeitschrift für Parasitenkunde. 46 (1): 3–12. doi:10.1007/BF00383662. ISSN 0044-3255.

Further reading

  • Dubey, J.P; Sreekumar, C (2003). "Redescription of Hammondia hammondi and its differentiation from Toxoplasma gondii". International Journal for Parasitology. 33 (13): 1437–1453. doi:10.1016/S0020-7519(03)00141-3. ISSN 0020-7519.
  • Walzer, K. A.; Adomako-Ankomah, Y.; Dam, R. A.; Herrmann, D. C.; Schares, G.; Dubey, J. P.; Boyle, J. P. (2013). "Hammondia hammondi, an avirulent relative of Toxoplasma gondii, has functional orthologs of known T. gondii virulence genes". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 110 (18): 7446–7451. doi:10.1073/pnas.1304322110. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 3645575. PMID 23589877.
  • Sreekumar C, Vianna MC, Hill DE, Miska KB, Lindquist A, Dubey JP (2005). "Differential detection of Hammondia hammondi from Toxoplasma gondii using polymerase chain reaction". Parasitol Int. 54 (4): 267–9. doi:10.1016/j.parint.2005.06.008. PMID 16153883.
  • Schares, G.; Vrhovec, M. Globokar; Pantchev, N.; Herrmann, D.C.; Conraths, F.J. (2008). "Occurrence of Toxoplasma gondii and Hammondia hammondi oocysts in the faeces of cats from Germany and other European countries". Veterinary Parasitology. 152 (1–2): 34–45. doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.12.004. ISSN 0304-4017.
  • Bowman, Dwight D., et al. Feline clinical parasitology. John Wiley & Sons, 2008.


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