Hamengkubuwono
| Hamengkubuwono | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Country |
 |
| Ethnicity | Javanese |
| Founded | 1755 |
| Founder | Raden Mas Sujana (Sultan Hamengkubuwono I) |
| Current head | BRM Herjuno Darpito (Sultan Hamengkubuwono X) |
| Titles | Sultan of Yogyakarta |
| Estate(s) | Sultanate of Yogyakarta |
Hamengkubuwono (also spelt Hamengkubuwana and in Dutch transcription "Hamengkoeboewono") is the current ruling royal house of the Yogyakarta Sultanate in the Yogyakarta Special Region of Indonesia. The current Sultan is Hamengkubuwono X.
Honorifics
As with many significant historical and respected figures in Javanese culture, the name of a ruler is usually preceded by honorifics – in most cases the usage is of Sri Sultan before the name. In full titles the first Hamengkubuwono was titled:
"Ngarsadalem Sampeyandalem Hingkang Sinuhun Kangjeng Sultan Hamengkubuwono, Senopati Ing Ngalaga Ngabdurrahman Sayidin Panatagama Kalifatulah, Hingkang Jumeneng Kaping I".
The Hamengkubuwonos is considered by Javanese as the true claimant and heir to the throne of the Second Mataram Kingdom and the vast Majapahit Empire, hence the post-Independence special privileges of self-rule solely allotted to the Hamengkubuwana keraton (palace)- not extended to the other three princedoms and fiefdoms of the Treaty of Giyanti (1755)
Meaning
For some Javanese, the name has been interpreted as having the following components:
- Hamangku: pleased to serve the people
- Hamengku: protect the people in a just way
- Hamengkoni: ready to take responsibility of a leader
- Buwono: the Javanese universe [1]
Such an explanation does not necessarily coincide with strict etymology of the word.
List of Sultans of Yogyakarta (1755–present)
This list is of ruling dates, see specific articles for birth dates.
| No. | Name | Reign start | Reign end | Notes |
| 1. | Hamengkubuwono I | February 13, 1755 | March 24, 1792 | |
| 2. | Hamengkubuwono II | April 2, 1792 | June 20, 1812 | first reign |
| 3. | Hamengkubuwono III | June 28, 1812 | November 3, 1814 | |
| 4. | Hamengkubuwono IV | November 9, 1814 | December 6, 1823 | |
| 5. | Hamengkubuwono V | December 19, 1823 | August 17, 1826 | first reign |
| 4. | Hamengkubuwono II | August 17, 1826 | January 2, 1828 | second reign |
| 5. | Hamengkubuwono V | January 17, 1828 | June 5, 1855 | second reign |
| 6. | Hamengkubuwono VI | July 5, 1855 | July 20, 1877 | |
| 7. | Hamengkubuwono VII | December 22, 1877 | January 29, 1921 | |
| 8. | Hamengkubuwono VIII | February 8, 1921 | October 22, 1939 | |
| 9. | Hamengkubuwono IX | March 18, 1940 | October 2, 1988 | |
| 10. | Hamengkubuwono X | March 7, 1989 | incumbent |
Notes
- ↑ Negoro, Suryo S. (1998). "Arts, Cultures, Rituals and other Information of Karaton Yogyakarta". Joglosemar.
See also
Further reading
- Ricklefs, M.C. (1974) Jogjakarta under Sultan Mangkubumi, 1749–1792: A history of the division of Java . London Oriental Series, vol. 30. London : Oxford University Press, (Revised Indonesian edition 2002)
- "Sultan of Yogyakarta: A feminist revolution in an ancient kingdom". BBC News. 1 June 2018. Retrieved 2 June 2018.