Haifukiho

Hai-Fuki-Ho, also known as Haifukiho or Haifuki-ho, is a method of silver mining developed in 16th century Feudal Japan.[1] The industrial process involved cupellation, and was a contributing factor to the large amount of silver traditionally exported by Japan.[1]

History

In 1526 Kamiya Jutei, a wealthy merchant from Hakata, founded the Iwami Ginzan Silver Mine in Ōda.[2] In 1533 he introduced a Korean method of silver refining to the mine, which became the Hai-Fuki-Ho method.[3]

Historians compared the Hai-Fuki-Ho method to the Medieval European seigerprozess of silver smelting.[4]

Under the Hai-Fuki-Ho method, silver-containing copper ore would be cast-smelted with lead, then allowed to dry. The silver in the copper ore would bind to the lead, creating a single mixture. This mixture would then be heated so that the lead melted and separated out of the copper, taking the bonded silver with it. The silver-rich lead would then be treated with an oxidizing airflow to separate the silver.[5] This was akin to a liquation method.

The high-purity silver produced by the Hai-Fuki-Ho method was highly desired by foreign merchants.[1] In addition, the process allowed for greater amounts of the silver to be produced by Japanese mines, which had more efficient refining processes than their competitors. By the 16th century, Japanese mines were producing up to one third of the world's silver.[1]

The Hai-Fuki-Ho method was eventually replaced by more modern methods of silver mining.[4]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Carlson, Jon D. (15 December 2011). Myths, State Expansion, and the Birth of Globalization: A Comparative Perspective. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 9781137010445.
  2. ↑ Lyman, Benjamin Smith. (1879). Geological Survey of Japan, p. 87
  3. ↑ Information from the Iwami Ginzan Silver Mine Museum; relayed via Japanese blog.
  4. 1 2 Intermediate Conference 2005 & International Forum for Industrial Tourism, Nagoya/Aichi, 6.- Nagoya/Aichi, 6.-8. July 2005
  5. ↑ Tereygeol, Florian; L'Héritier, Maxime. "From Copper to Silver; Understanding the Saigerprozess Through Experimental Liquation and Drying".
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