The traditional East Asian calendars divide a year into 24 solar terms. Gǔyǔ, Kokuu, Gogu, or Cốc vũ is the 6th solar term. It begins when the Sun reaches the celestial longitude of 30° and ends when it reaches the longitude of 45°. It more often refers in particular to the day when the Sun is exactly at the celestial longitude of 30°. In the Gregorian calendar, it usually begins around April 20 and ends around May 5.
Pentads
Date and Time (UTC)
year | begin | end |
辛巳 |
2001-04-20 00:35 |
2001-05-05 10:44 |
壬午 |
2002-04-20 06:20 |
2002-05-05 16:37 |
癸未 |
2003-04-20 12:02 |
2003-05-05 22:10 |
甲申 |
2004-04-19 17:50 |
2004-05-05 04:02 |
乙酉 |
2005-04-19 23:37 |
2005-05-05 09:52 |
丙戌 |
2006-04-20 05:26 |
2006-05-05 15:30 |
丁亥 |
2007-04-20 11:07 |
2007-05-05 21:20 |
戊子 |
2008-04-19 16:51 |
2008-05-05 03:03 |
己丑 |
2009-04-19 22:44 |
2009-05-05 08:50 |
庚寅 |
2010-04-20 04:29 |
2010-05-05 14:44 |
辛卯 |
2011-04-20 10:17 |
2011-05-05 20:23 |
壬辰 |
2012-04-19 16:12 |
2012-05-05 02:19 |
癸巳 |
2013-04-19 22:03 |
2013-05-05 08:18 |
甲午 |
2014-04-20 03:55 |
2014-05-05 13:59 |
Source: JPL Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System
Each solar term can be divided into 3 pentads (候). They are: first pentad (初候), second pentad (次候) and last pentad (末候). Pentads in Guyu include:
China
- First pentad: 萍始生, 'Duckweed begins to sprout'.[1]
- Second pentad: 鳴鳩拂其羽, 'Nahath shakes off wings'.[1]
- Last pentad: 戴勝降于桑, 'Cuckoo perches in mulberry trees'.[1]
Japan
- First pentad: Ashi hajimete shōzu (葭始生), 'Reed begins to bud'.[2]
- Second pentad: Shimo yamite nae izuru (霜止出苗), 'Frost ends and rice seedlings to grow'.[2]
- Last pentad: Botan hanasaku (牡丹華), 'Peony blooms'.[2]
References
- 1 2 3 Kondō Heijō (近藤瓶城), ed. (1901). 新加纂録類 (Shinka Sanrokurui). 改定史籍集覧 (Kaitei Shiseki Shūran). 19. (Meiji 34). Tokyo: 近藤活版所 (Kondō Kappansho). p. 110.
- 1 2 3 Fujisawa Morihiko (1961). 年中行事編 (Nenjū Gyōjihen). 図説日本民俗学全集 (Zusetsu Nihon Minzokugaku Zenshū). 7. Tokyo: Akane Shobō. p. 103.