Greek government-in-exile

Greek government-in-exile Κυβέρνησις τοῦ Καΐρου
1941–1944
State flag
Motto: «Ἐλευθερία ἢ Θάνατος» "Freedom or Death"
Anthem: «Ὕμνος εἰς τὴν Ἐλευθερίαν» "Hymn to Freedom"
Status	Government in exile
Capital	Athens
Common languages	Greek
Religion	Eastern Orthodox Church
Government	Constitutional monarchy
King
• 1941–1944	George II
Prime Minister
• 1941–1944	Emmanouil Tsouderos
• 1944–1944	Sofoklis Venizelos
• 1944–1945	Georgios Papandreou
Historical era	World War II
• Battle of Greece	28 October 1940
• Battle of Crete	20 May 1941
• Arrival at Cairo	24 May 1941
• Liberation of Greece	October 1944
ISO 3166 code	GR
Preceded by Succeeded by Kingdom of Greece Kingdom of Greece

The Greek government-in-exile was the government in exile of Greece formed in the aftermath of the Battle of Greece, and the subsequent occupation of Greece by Nazi Germany and the Fascist Italy. Due to the occupation of Greece by hostile powers and Resistance opposition, the government-in-exile exerted minimal influence inside Greece. The government-in-exile was based in Cairo, Egypt. Hence it is also commonly referred to as the "Cairo Government" (Greek: Κυβέρνηση του Καΐρου).

It was headed by King George II, which evacuated from Athens in April 1941, after the German invasion of the country, first to the island of Crete and then to Cairo in Egypt. It remained there until the German occupying forces withdrew from the country on 17 October 1944.

Closely controlled by the British, it was the internationally recognised Greek government, although its authority inside the country itself was minimal. There, alongside the Axis-controlled collaborationist governments, a vigorous Resistance movement developed, spearheaded by the communist-controlled EAM/ELAS, which established a de facto separate administration, formalised in March 1944 after elections in both occupied and liberated territories, as the Political Committee of National Liberation (PEEA).

History

On 25 April 1941, with the onset of the Battle of Greece, King George II and his government left the Greek mainland for Crete, which was attacked by Nazi forces on 20 May 1941. The Germans employed parachute forces in a massive airborne invasion and attacked the three main airfields of the island. After seven days of fighting and tough resistance, Allied commanders decided that the cause was hopeless and ordered a withdrawal from Sfakia.

During the night of May 24, George II and his government were evacuated from Crete to Cairo. The government remained in Egypt until the withdrawal of German forces from Greece on October 17, 1944.^[1] The Greek government returned from exile accompanied by a group of British forces in October.^[2]

Government

Monarch

Portrait	Name (Born-Died)	Reign
		Start	End
	King George II (1890–1947)	3 November 1935	1 April 1947

Prime Ministers

Portrait		Name (Born-Died)	Term of office		Party	Cabinet
			Start	End
1		Emmanouil Tsouderos (1882–1956)	29 April 1941	13 April 1944	Independent	Tsouderos
2		Sofoklis Venizelos (1894–1964)	13 April 1944	26 April 1944	Liberal Party	Venizelos
3		Georgios Papandreou (1888–1968)	26 April 1944	3 January 1945	Democratic Socialist Party	Papandreou (National unity cabinet)

Armed forces

References

Sources

• Papastratis, Procopis (1984). British Policy Towards Greece During the Second World War 1941-1944. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521243421.