Great Ejection

Title page of a collection of Farewell Sermons preached by ministers ejected from their parishes in 1662.

The Great Ejection followed the Act of Uniformity 1662 in England. Several thousand Puritan ministers were forced out of their positions by Church of England clergy, following the changes after the restoration to power of Charles II. It was a consequence (not necessarily intended) of the Savoy Conference of 1661.[1]

History

The Act of Uniformity prescribed that any minister who refused to conform to the Book of Common Prayer by St. Bartholomew's Day (24 August) 1662 should be ejected from the Church of England. This date became known as Black Bartholomew's Day among dissenters, a reference to the fact that it occurred on the same day as the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre of 1572. Oliver Heywood estimated the number of ministers ejected at 2,500.[2] This group included Richard Baxter, Edmund Calamy the Elder, Simeon Ashe, Thomas Case, John Flavel, William Jenkyn, Joseph Caryl, Thomas Brooks, Thomas Manton, William Sclater, Thomas Doolittle and Thomas Watson. Biographical details of ejected ministers and their fates were later collected by the historian Edmund Calamy, grandson of the elder Calamy.

Although there had already been ministers outside the established church, the Great Ejection created an abiding concept of non-conformity. Strict religious tests of the Clarendon code and other Penal Laws left a substantial section of English society excluded from public affairs, and also university degrees, for a century and a half. Culturally, in England and Wales, nonconformism endured longer than that.

Historiography

The Memorial Hall on Albert Square, Manchester, built to commemorate the bicentennial of the Great Ejection, at the suggestion of John Relly Beard[3]

The bicentennial in 1862 led to a sharp debate, with the nonconformist agenda being questioned, and the account in Calamy being reviewed.[4]

Iain Murray argues that the issue was deeper than "phrases in the Book of Common Prayer and forms of church order," but regarded the "nature of true Christianity."[5]

Legacy

The Bishop of Liverpool, J. C. Ryle, referred to the Ejection as an "injury to the cause of true religion in England which will probably never be repaired".[6]

A Service of Reconciliation was held at Westminster Abbey on 7 February 2012 to mark the 350th anniversary of the Great Ejection. Rowan Williams, then Archbishop of Canterbury, preached at the service which was attended by clergy and laity of the Church of England and the United Reformed Church.[7]

See also

References

  1. ↑ William L. Sachs (4 July 2002), The Transformation of Anglicanism: From State Church to Global Communion, Cambridge University Press, pp. 11–12, ISBN 978-0-521-52661-6, retrieved 28 November 2012
  2. ↑  "Calamy, Edmund (1671-1732)". Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.
  3. ↑  Stephen, Leslie, ed. (1885). "Beard, John Relly". Dictionary of National Biography. 4. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
  4. ↑ Timothy Larsen (2004). Contested Christianity: The Political and Social Contexts of Victorian Theology. Baylor University Press. p. 159. ISBN 978-0-918954-93-0.
  5. ↑ Murray, Iain (1962), "Sermons of the Great Ejection: Introduction", Banner of Truth Trust, London, 8
  6. ↑ Ryle, J. C., History of the Later Puritans, p. 469
  7. ↑ A Service of Reconciliation, Healing of Memories and Mutual Commitment for the Church of England and the United Reformed Church, Westminster Abbey, retrieved 2012-02-01

Further reading

  • Calamy, Edmund (1713), An account of the ministers, lecturers, masters, and fellows of colleges and schoolmasters: who were ejected or silenced after the Restoration in 1660, by or before, the Act of Uniformity. ..., London: Printed for J. Lawrence
  • Calamy, Edmund (1727), A continuation of the Account of the ministers, lecturers, masters and fellows of colleges, and schoolmasters, who were ejected and silenced after the restoration in 1660, by or before the Act for uniformity, I and II, London: Printed for R. Ford [etc.]
  • Gordon, Alexander (1917), Freedom after ejection: a review (1690-1692) of Presbyterian and Congregational nonconformity in England and Wales, Manchester: University Press . See pages 191 to 392 for an annotated index containing the name of every person and place recorded in the manuscript. The index entry for each person contains a biography (written in the early 20th century) which, with the exception of a few very well known individuals, records much of what is known about the person.
  • Seed, John (2005). "History and Narrative Identity: Religious Dissent and the Politics of Memory in Eighteenth‐ Century England". Journal of British Studies. Cambridge University Press. 44 (1): 46–63. JSTOR 10.1086/424945.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.