Gonets

Gonets
Manufacturer NPO Prikladnoi Mekhaniki
Country of origin Russia
Operator RKA (Until 1996)
Gonets SatCom (1996-Present)
Applications Communication
Specifications
Design life 5 years
Launch mass 233 to 280 kilograms (514 to 617 lb)
Power 40 Watts from solar panels
Batteries Nickel/Hydrogen
Equipment UHF transponders[1]
(NATO B/D band)
Data rate up to 64kb/s
Regime Low Earth
Production
Status Active
Related spacecraft
Derived from Strela

Gonets (Russian Гонец, Messenger) is a Russian civilian low Earth orbit communication satellite system. It consists of a number of satellites, derived from Strela military communication satellites. The first two satellites, which were used to test and validate the system, were launched by a Tsyklon-3 carrier rocket from the Plesetsk Cosmodrome on 13 July 1992,[2] and were designated Gonets-D.[3] The first operational satellites, designated Gonets-D1, were launched on 19 February 1996.[3] After launch, the first three satellites were given military Kosmos designations, a practice which was not continued with the other satellites.[2]

Ten operational satellites and two demonstration spacecraft have been placed in orbit. A further three were lost in a launch failure on 27 December 2000. A new series of modernised Gonets satellites, Gonets-D1M, will supplement and eventually replace the satellites which are currently in orbit. A single first D1M satellite was launched by a Kosmos-3M rocket on 21 December 2005.[4] A second D1M satellite was launched by a Rokot carrier rocket on 8 September 2010.[4]

Gonets was originally a Russian Federal Space Agency programme, but in 1996 it was privatised, and it is now organised by Gonets SatCom,[5] which is controlled by ISS Reshetnev.[6]

User characteristics

As of 2016, the Gonets orbit group comprises 12 second-generation spacecraft “Gonets-M” and 1 first-generation “Gonets-D1”. The orbital group performs the task of direct communication with subscribers at any point of the globe. With such a number of spacecraft in the Gonets orbit group, the system provides communication with waiting time characteristics as indicated in the following table.

City, location  latitude  Session probability = 0.9 Waiting timeSession probability = 0.8 Waiting timeSession probability = 0.7 Waiting time
Meru, Kenya0°25.04 min19.98 min13.54 min
Fuli, Vietnam / Vitoria, Brazil20° / −20°19.47 min14.97 min8.85 min
Yerevan, Armenia / Wellington, New Zealand40° / −40°17.79 min12.04 min6.08 min
Belgorod, Russia / Isla Duque de York, Chile50° / −50°15.00 min8.19 min2.17 min
Vyborg, Russia / Orcadas Antarctic Station60° / −60°5.64 min1.78 min0.00 min
Kara Gate Straight, Barencts Sea / Novolazarevskaya Station, Antarctic70° / −70°3.45 min0.00 min0.00 min
Gall Island, North Arctic Ocean / Antarctic Kunlun Station80° / −80°0.00 min0.00 min0.00 min
North Pole / Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station90° / −90°0.00 min0.00 min0.00 min

Technical characteristics of subscriber terminals 0.3–0.4 GHz

Transmitter power8–10 W
Positioning accuracy by GPS/GLONASSup to 10 m
ModulationGMSK
Power supplyAC 220 V, DC 12 V
Weight100–300 g
Bitrates: "Subscriber – Satellite"2.4–9.6 kbit/s
Bitrates: "Satellite – Subscriber"9.6–76.8 kbit/s

See also

References

  1. ↑ "GONETS". Small Satellites Home Page. Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd. Archived from the original on 2008-07-09. Retrieved 2008-05-11.
  2. 1 2 Wade, Mark. "Strela". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 2008-05-26. Retrieved 2008-05-11.
  3. 1 2 Krebs, Gunter. "Gonets". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2010-09-08.
  4. 1 2 Krebs, Gunter. "Gonets-M". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2010-09-08.
  5. ↑ "Leosat system "Gonets"". Gonets SatCom. Archived from the original on 2008-05-10. Retrieved 2008-05-11.
  6. ↑ "Investors - GONETS Leosat system". gonets.ru. Archived from the original on 2016-04-16. Retrieved 2016-04-03.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.