Giant Gippsland earthworm

Giant Gippsland earthworm
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Annelida
Class: Clitellata
Subclass: Oligochaeta
Family: Megascolecidae
Genus: Megascolides
Species: M. australis
Binomial name
Megascolides australis
McCoy, 1878

The giant Gippsland earthworm, Megascolides australis, is one of Australia's 1,000 native earthworm species. It is also commonly known as karmai, taken from the Bunwurrung language.[1]

Description

These giant earthworms average 1 metre (3.3 ft) long and 2 centimetres (0.79 in) in diameter and can reach 3 metres (9.8 ft) in length; however, their body is able to expand and contract making them appear much larger. On average they weigh about 200 grams (0.44 lb).[2][3] They have a dark purple head and a blue-grey body, and about 300 to 400 body segments.[1]

Ecology

They live in the subsoil of blue, grey or red clay soils along stream banks and some south or west facing hills of their remaining habitat which is in Gippsland in Victoria, Australia. These worms live in deep burrow systems and require water in their environment to respire.[1] They have relatively long life spans for invertebrates and can take 5 years to reach maturity. They breed in the warmer months and produce egg capsules that are 4 centimetres (1.6 in) to 7 centimetres (2.8 in) in length which are laid in their burrows. When these worms hatch in 12 months they are around 20 centimetres (7.9 in) long at birth.

Unlike most earthworms which deposit castings on the surface, they spend almost all their time in burrows about 52 centimetres (20 in) in depth and deposit their castings there, and can generally only be flushed out by heavy rain.[2] They are usually very sluggish, but when they move rapidly through their underground burrows, it can cause an audible gurgling or sucking sound which allows them to be detected.[4][5]

Threatened status

Gippsland earthworm colonies are small and isolated,[6] and the species' low reproductive rates and slow maturation make those small populations vulnerable.[6] Their natural habitats are grasslands, and while they can survive beneath pastures,[6] cultivation, heavy cattle grazing and effluent run-off are adversarial to the species.[6] The Gippsland earthworm requires moist loamy soil to thrive; dense tree planting negatively affects soil humidity, which in turn negatively affects the species' habitat.[6] No successful breeding has yet been achieved in captivity.[2][1]

Education

Until it closed in 2012 amid animal welfare concerns,[7] Wildlife Wonderland Park near Bass, Victoria, was home to the Giant Earthworm Museum.[8] Inside the worm-shaped museum, visitors could crawl through a magnified replica of a worm burrow and a simulated worm's stomach. Displays and educational material on the giant Gippsland earthworm and other natural history of Gippsland were also featured.

Tourism

Interest in the Giant Gippsland earthworm has been exploited by the local tourist industry with an annual Karmai festival in Korumburra and a Giant Worm Museum at Bass.[9]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 AU Environment http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/sprat/public/publicspecies.pl?taxon_id=64420. Retrieved 14 December 2013. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  2. 1 2 3 "Giant Gippsland Earthworm". Museum Victoria. Retrieved 14 December 2013.
  3. ↑ Diversity of Soil Fauna and Ecosystem Function, Biology International. Retrieved on October 23, 2008.
  4. ↑ Action Statement: Giant Gippsland Earthworm. Retrieved on July 23, 2012.
  5. ↑ http://www.australianfauna.com/giantgippslandearthworm.php
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 Victoria Resources Online: Giant Gippsland Earthworm. Retrieved on July 23, 2012.
  7. ↑ "Closure of Wildlife Wonderland Park near Bass". Victoria Department of Environment and Primary Industries.
  8. ↑ "Giant Earthworm Museum". Atlas Obscura. Retrieved 29 March 2014.
  9. ↑ "National Recovery Plan for the Giant Gippsland Earthworm" (PDF). Department of Sustainability and Environment. 2010.
  • World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1996). "Megascolides australis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2006. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 11 May 2006. Listed as Vulnerable (VU D2 v2.3)

The Gaint earth worms up to 4 to 5 feet are seen in Western ghats forest area of India. Specially in Malnad(in the area of Athihally, Hongadahalla, Mavinoor, Bisale ,villages in Sakaleshpur taluk, Hassan district of Karnataka state.)They are visible in heavy rain season, say June, July Agust months. Specially noticed in Cordamom plantations.–

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